Summary
Bridging between the two bodies of cell science, histochemistry has brought together knowledge of morphological structures and biochemical constituents and provided insight into the function of one or the other. Where it has localized an enzyme, hormone or other entity of known biological activity to a cell type, histochemistry has contributed insight into the cell's function. By detecting heterogeneity in the content of an enzyme or glycoconjugate within a presumed uniform population of cells, the histochemical approach has differentiated among these cells subtypes with demonstrated or presumed differences in function. On the other hand, in instances where it has located an isozyme, antigen, glycoconjugate or other entity of uncertain significance in a cell or organelle of known function, histochemistry has suggested a possible role for the constituent related to that of the structure. Histochemical examination provides the observer with a different view of body tissues and their composition from that obtained by strictly morphological or chemical techniques. Information acquired through this advantage is cited wherein an immunohistochemical method disclosed previously undiscovered neural organs and carbohydrate histochemistry detected previously unrecognized glycoconjugates.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arimatsu,Y.,Naegele,J. R. &Barnstable,C. J. (1987) Molecular markers of neuronal subpopulations in layers 4, 5 and 6 of cat primary visual cortex.J. Neurosci. 7, 1250–63.
Belanger,L. F. (1954) Autoradiographic visualization of incorporation and turnover by the mucous glands of the gastrointestinal tract and other soft tissues of rat and hamster.Anat. Rec. 118, 755–71.
Cantin,M.,Gutkowska,J.,Thibault,G.,Molne,R. W.,Ledoux,S.,Min Li,S.,Chapeau,C.,Garcia,R.,Hamet,P. &Genest,J. (1984) Immunocytochemical localization of atrial natriuretic factor in the heart and salivary glands.Histochemistry 80, 113–27.
Cathcart,R. S. III,Fitts,C. T.,Mcalhany,J. C., &Spicer,S. S. (1974) Histochemical changes in gastric mucosubstances in patients with acute and chronic ulcer disease.Ann. Surg. 180, 1–8.
Coons,A. H. &Kaplan,M. H. (1950) Localization of antigens in tissue cells: improvements in a method for the detection of antigen by means of fluorescent antibody.J. Exp. Med. 91, 1–13.
Dobyan,D. C. &Bulger,R. E. (1982) Renal carbonic anhydrase.Am. J. Physiol. 243, F311–24.
Douglas,S. D. &Spicer,S. S. (1971) Acid phosphatase cytochemistry of phagocytozing leukocytes from patients with chronic granulomatous disease.Infection and Immunity 3, 179–83.
Drenckham,D.,Schluter,K.,Allen,D. P. &Bennett,V. (1985) Colocalization of band 3 with ankyrin and spectrin at the basal membrane of intercalated cells in the rat kidney.Science 230, 1287–9.
Dziewiatkowski,D. D. (1951) Isolation of chondroitin sulfate-S35 from articular cartilage of rats.J. Biol. Chem. 189, 187–90.
Erlandsen,S. L.,Hegre,O. D.,Parsons,J. A.,Mcevoy,R. C. &Elde,R. P. (1976) Pancreatic islet cell hormones. Distribution of cell types in the islet and evidence for the presence of somatostatin and gastrin within the D cell.J. Histochem. Cytochem. 24, 883–97.
Etzler,M. E. &Branstrator,M. L. (1974) Differential localization of cell surface and secretory components in rat intestinal epithelium by use of lectins.J. Cell Biol. 62, 329–43.
Fazel,A. R.,Schulte,B. A.,Thompson,R. P. &Spicer,S. S. (1987) Presence of a unique glycoconjugate on the surface of rat primordial germ cells during migration.Cell Differentiation 21, 199–211.
Finstad,C. L.,Yin,B. W. T.,Gordon,C. M.,Federici,M. G.,Welt,S. &Lloyd,K. O. (1991) Some monoclonal antibody reagents (C219 and JSB-1) to P-glycoprotein contain antibodies to blood group A carbohydrate determinants: a problem of quality control for immunohistochemical analysis.J. Histochem. Cytochem. 39, 1603–10.
Hardin,J. H. &Spicer,S. S. (1971) Ultrastructural localization of dialyzed iron-reactive mucosubstance in rabbit heterophils, basophils, and eosinophils.J. Cell. Biol. 48, 368–86.
Hazen-Martin,D. J.,Pasternack,G.,Hennigar,R. A.,Spicer,S. S. &Sens,D. A. (1987) Immunocytochemistry of band 3 protein in kidney and other tissues of control and cystic fibrosis patients.Pediatr. Res. 21, 235–7.
Holthöfer,H.,Schulte,B. A.,Pasternack,G.,Siegel,G. J. &Spicer,S. S. (1987a) Three distinct cell populations in rat kidney collecting duct.Am. Physiol. Soc. 253, C323–8.
Holthöfer,H.,Schulte,B. A.,Pasternack,G.,Siegel,G. J. &Spicer,S. S. (1987b) Immunocytochemical characterization of carbonic anhydrase-rich cells in the rat kidney collecting duct.Lab. Invest. 57, 150–6.
Horn,R. G. &Spicer,S. S. (1964) Sulfated mucopolysaccharides and basic protein in certain granules of rabbit leukocytes.Lab. Invest. 13, 1–15.
Horn,R. G.,Spicer,S. S. &Wetzel,B. K. (1964) Phagocytosis of bacteria by heterophil leukocytes: acid and alkaline phosphatase cytochemistry.Am. J. Pathol. 45, 327–35.
Hsu,S. M. &Raine,L. (1981) Protein A, avidin, and biotin in immunohistochemistry.J. Histochem. Cytochem. 29, 1349–53.
Kawata,M.,Nakao,K.,Morii,N.,Kiso,Y.,Yamashita,H.,Imura,H. &Sano,Y. (1985) Atrial natriuretic polypeptide: topographical distribution in the rat brain by radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry.Neuroscience 16, 521–46.
Kohler,G. &Milstein,C. (1975) Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity.Nature 256, 495–7.
Kriz,W. &Kaissling,B. (1985) Structural organization of the mammalian kidney. InThe Kidney: Physiology and Pathophysiology (edited bySeldin,D. W. &Giebisch,G.) pp. 265–306. New York: Raven Press.
Lev,R. &Spicer,S. S. (1964) Specific staining of sulphate groups with Alcian blue at low pH.J. Histochem. Cytochem. 12, 309.
Mcguirt, J. P. &Schulte, B. A. (1993) Distribution of immunoreactive Na,K-ATPase and its isoforms in the adult gerbil cochlea (submitted).
Madsen,K. M. &Tisher,C. C. (1986) Structure-functional relationships along the distal nephron.Am. J. Physiol. 250, F1–15.
Mason,T. E.,Phifer,R. F.,Spicer,S. S.,Swallow,R. A. &Dreskin,R. B. (1969) An immunoglobulin-enzyme bridge method for localizing tissue antigens.J. Histochem. Cytochem. 17, 563–9.
Mochizuki,I.,Setser,M. E.,Martinez,J. R. &Spicer,S. S. (1982) Carbohydrate histochemistry of rat respiratory glands.Anat. Rec. 202, 45–59.
Montreuil,J. (1980) Primary structure of glycoprotein glycans: basis for the molecular biology of glycoproteins.Adv. Carbohydrate Chem. Biochem. 37, 157–223.
Naegele,J. R. &Barnstable,C. J. (1989) Molecular determinants of GABAergic local-circuit neurons in the visual cortex.Trends Neurosci. 12, 28–34.
Naegele,J. R. &Barnstable,C. J. (1991) A carbohydrate epitope defined by monoclonal antibody VC1.1 is found on N-CAM and other cell adhesion molecules.Brain Res. 559, 118–29.
Naegele,J. R.,Arimatsu,Y.,Schwartz,P. &Barnstable,C. J. (1988) Selective staining of a subset of GABAergic neurons in cat visual cortex by monoclonal antibody VC1.1.J. Neurosci. 8, 79–89.
Nakagawa,F.,Schulte,B. A. &Spicer,S. S. (1986) Selective cytochemical demonstration of glycoconjugate-containing terminalN-acetyl-galactosamine on some brain neurons.J. Comp. Neurol. 243, 280–90.
Nakane,P. K. (1970) Classification of anterior pituitary cell types with immunoenzyme histochemistry.J. Histochem. Cytochem. 18, 9.
Nakane,P. K. &Pierce,G. B., Jr (1966) Enzyme-labeled antibodies: preparation and application for the localization of antigens.J. Histochem. Cytochem. 14, 929–31.
Odeblad,R. &Boström,H. (1952) An autoradiographic study of the incorporation of S35-labeled sodium sulfate in different organs of adult rats and rabbits.Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. 31, 339–44.
Parmley,R. T.,Hurt,R. E.,Takagi,M.,Spicer,S. S. &Austin,R. L. (1983) Glycosaminoglycans in human neutrophils and leukemic myeloblasts: ultrastructural, cytochemical, immunologic, and biochemical characterization.Blood 16, 257–66.
Pearse,A. G. E. (1968)Histochemistry - Theoretical and Applied, 3rd edn, vol 1, p. 1. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
Phifer,R. F. &Spicer,S. S. (1970) Immunohistologic and immunopathologic demonstration of adrenocorticotropic hormone in the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis.Lab. Invest. 23, 543–50.
Phifer,R. F.,Spicer,S. S. &Hennigar,G. R. (1973) Histochemical reactivity and staining properties of functionally defined cell types in the human adenohyophysis.Am. J. Pathol. 73, 569–88.
Ponder,B. A. J. &Wilkinson,M. M. (1983) Organ-related differences in binding ofDolichos biflorus agglutinin to vascular endothelium.Dev. Biol. 96, 535–41.
Ponder,B. A. J.,Wilkinson,M. M. &Wood,M. (1983) H-2 antigens as markers of cellular genotype in chimeric mice.J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 76, 83–93.
Sannes,P. L.,Spicer,S. S. &Katsuyama,T. (1979) Ultrastructural localization of sulfated complex carbohydrates with a modified iron diamine procedure.J. Histochem. Cytochem. 27, 1108–11.
Sato,A. &Spicer,S. S. (1980) Ultrastructural cytochemistry of complex carbohydrates of gastric epithelium in the guinea pig.Am. J. Anat. 159, 307–29.
Sato,A. &Spicer,S. S. (1982a) Cell specialization in collecting tubules of the guinea pig kidney: carbonic anhydrase activity and glycosaminoglycan production in different cells.Anat. Rec. 202, 431–43.
Sato,A. &Spicer,S. S. (1982b) Ultrastructural visualization of galactosyl residues in various alimentary epithelial cells with the peanut lectin-horseradish peroxidase procedure.Histochemistry 73, 607–24.
Schulte,B. A. (1987) Genetic and sex-related differences in the structure of submandibular glycoconjugtes.J. Dent. Res. 66, 442–50.
Schulte,B. A. &Adams,J. C. (1989) Distribution of immunoreactive Na,K-ATPase in gerbil cochlea.J. Histochem. Cytochem. 37, 127–34.
Schulte,B. A. &Spicer,S. S. (1983a) Light microscopic histochemical detection of sugar residues in secretory glycoproteins of rodent and human tracheal glands with lectin—horseradish peroxidase conjugates and the galactose oxidase-Schiff sequence.J. Histochem. Cytochem. 31, 391–403.
Schulte,B. A. &Spicer,S. S. (1983b) Light microscopic detection of sugar residues in glycoconjugates of salivary glands and the pancreas with lectin-horseradish peroxidase conjugates. I. Mouse.Histochem. J. 15, 1217–38.
Siegel,G. J.,Holm,C.,Schreiber,J. H.,Desmond,T. &Ernst,S. A. (1984) Purification of mouse brain (Na+ + K+)ATPase catalytic unit, characterization of antiserum, and immunocytochemical localization in cerebellum, choroid plexus, and kidney.J. Histochem. Cytochem. 32, 1309–18.
Skofitsch,G.,Jacobowitz,D. M.,Eskay,R. L. &Zamir,N. (1985) Distribution of atrial natriuretic factor-like immunoreactive neurons in the rat brain.Neuroscience 16, 917–48.
Spicer,S. S. (1960) A correlative study of the histochemical properties of rodent acid mucopolysaccharides.J. Histochem. Cytochem. 8, 18–35.
Spicer,S. S. (1965) Diamine methods for differentiating mucosubstances histochemically.J. Histochem. Cytochem. 13, 211–34.
Spicer,S. S. &Duvenci,J. (1964) Histochemical characteristics of mucopolysaccharides in salivary and exorbital lacrimal glands.Anat. Rec. 149, 333–58.
Spicer,S. S. &Schulte,B. A. (1991a) Differentiation of inner ear fibrocytes according to their ion transport related activity.Hearing Res. 6, 53–64.
Spicer,S. S. &Schulte,B. A. (1991b) Biologic role of carbonic anhydrase assessed immunocytochemically. InCarbonic Anhydrase from Biochemistry and Genetics to Physiology and Clinical Medicine (edited byBotre,F.,Gros,G. K. &Storey,B. T.) pp. 208–25. Mannheim: Verlag Chemie.
Spicer,S. S. &Schulte,B. A. (1992a) Creatine kinase in epithelium of the inner ear.J. Histochem. Cytochem. 40, 185–92.
Spicer,S. S. &Schulte,B. A. (1992b) Diversity of cell glycoconjugates shown histochemically: a perspective.J. Histochem. Cytochem. 40, 1–38.
Spicer,S. S.,Swarm,R. L. &Burtner,H. J. (1961) Comparison of basophilia with S35 label in normal and methylated mucopolysaccharides.Lab. Invest. 10, 256–64.
Spicer,S. S.,Leppi,T. J. &Henson,J. G. (1967) Sulfate-containing mucosubstances of dog gastric mucosa.Lab. Invest. 16, 795–802.
Spicer,S. S.,Hardin,J. H. &Setser,M. E. (1978a) Ultrastructural visualization of sulphated complex carbohydrates in blood and epithelial cells with the high iron diamine procedure.Histochem. J. 10, 435–52.
Spicer,S. S.,Katsuyama,T. &Sannes,P. L. (1978b) Ultrastructural carbohydrate cytochemistry of gastric epithelium.Histochem. J. 10, 309–31.
Spicer,S. S.,Schulte,B. A. &Thomopoulos,G. N. (1983) Histochemical properties of the respiratory tract epithelium in different species.Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 128, S20–6.
Spicer,S. S.,Ge,Z. H. &Siegel,G. J. (1987a) Evidence for the blood-urine barrier depending on urothelium and carbonic anhydrase positive fibroblasts.Lab. Invest. 57, 535–45.
Spicer,S. S.,Erlandsen,S. L.,Wilson,A. C.,Hammer,M. &Schulte,B. A. (1987b) Genetic differences in the histochemically defined structure of oligosaccharides in mice: significance for evolutionary development.J. Histochem. Cytochem. 35, 1231–44.
Spicer, S. S., Naegele, J. R. &Schulte, B. A. (1993a) Localization of VC1.1 antigen in sensory neurons (submitted).
Spicer, S. S., Spivey, M. A., Ito, M. &Schulte, B. A. (1993b) Some monoclonal antibody and immunoglobulin preparations of ascites origin stain selected Golgi zones and mast cells (submitted).
Standaert,D. G.,Needleman,P. &Saper,C. B. (1986) Organization of atriopeptin-like immunoreactive neurons in the central nerouvs system of the rat.J. Comp. Neurol. 253, 313–41.
Streit,W. J.,Schulte,B. A.,Balentine,J. D. &Spicer,S. S. (1986) Evidence for glycoconjugate in nociceptive primary sensory neurons and its origin from the Golgi complex.Brain Res. 377, 1–17.
Thiery,J. P. (1967) Mise en evidence des polysaccharides sur coupes fines en microscopic electronique.J. Microsc. 6, 978–1018.
Wetzel,M. G.,Wetzel,B. K. &Spicer,S. S. (1966) Ultrastructural localization of acid mucosubstances in the mouse colon with iron-containing stains.J. Cell Biol. 30, 299–315.
Wetzel,B. K.,Spicer,S. S. &Horn,R. G. (1967) Fine structural localization of acid and alkaline phosphatases in cells of rabbit blood and bone marrow.J. Histochem. Cytochem. 15, 311–34.
Zaremba,S.,Naegele,J. R.,Barnstable,C. J. &Hockfield,S. (1990) Neuronal subsets express multiple high-molecular-weight cell-surface glycoconjugates defined by monoclonal antibodies Cat-301 and VC1.1.J. Neurosci. 10, 2985–95.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Presented as the David Glick Lecture at the 9th International Congress of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry in Maastricht The Netherlands, 30 August–5 September, 1992.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Spicer, S.S. Advantages of histochemistry for the study of cell biology. Histochem J 25, 531–547 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02388061
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02388061