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Extraction of non-protein nitrogen from potato tuber and its amino acid composition

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Summary

Trichloroacetic acid, sulphosalicylic acid, acetic acid and ethanol have been evaluated for the extraction of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) from potato tubers. Diluted acids yielded a substantial quantity of protein nitrogen in addition to NPN in extracts. Results indicated that 80% ethanol was the most suitable solvent for the extraction of NPN because none or little protein nitrogen was present in the extract.

Most of the NPN was in free amino acids which accounted for 75% of total NPN. Amino acids which commonly occur in potato protein were present in the free form except tryptophan. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid and valine were the three major free amino acids and constituted more than 50% of the total free amino acids.

Zusammenfassung

Die Trichloressigsäure, Schwefelsalizylsäure, Essigsäure und Aethanol wurden für die Extraktion von Nichtprotein-Stickstoff aus Kartoffelknollen ausprobiert. Die Säuren schieden 58–65% und Aethanol ungefähr 47% des Gesamtstickstoffs aus (Tabelle 1). Unterschiedliche Konzentrationen der Säuren und die Daure des Schüttelns hatten keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Menge des extrahierten Stickstoffs. Die Säuren schieden auch eine beträchtliche menge von Protein-N aus (15–22% des Gesamt-N), während Aethanol davon am wenigsten extrahierte. 80% Aethanol wurde für die Extraktion des Nichtprotein-stickstoffs aus Kartoffelknollen als am geeignetsten beurteilt, obwohl Schwefelsalizylsäure die grösste und Aethanol die kleinste Menge freier Aminosäuren ausschied (Tabelle 2). Die Hauptkomponenten von NPN sind freie Aminosäuren und Amide, die ungefähr 75% des Totals ausmachen. Aminosäuren, die gewöhnlich im Kartoffelprotein vorkommen, sind in der freien Form vorhanden, ausgenommen Tryptophan. Glutaminsäure, Asparaginsäure und Valin waren die drei Hauptaminosäuren und machten mehr als 50% der gesamten freien Aminosäuren aus.

Résumé

L'acide trichloroacétique, l'acide sulfosalicylique, l'acide acétique et l'éthanol sont expérimentés dans l'extraction de l'azote non protéinique des tubercules de pomme de terre. Les acides extrayent environ 58–65% et l'éthanol environ 47% de l'azote total (tableau 1). Différentes concentrations d'acides et temps d'agitation n'affectent pas significativement la quantité d'azote extrait. Les acides extraient aussi une quantité substantielle d'azote protéinique (15–22% de l'azote total) tandis que l'éthanol en extrait le moins. 80% d'éthanol est jugé constituer le solvant le plus adéquat pour l'extraction d'azote non protéinique du tubercule de pomme de terre, quoique l'acide sulfosalicylique extraie la plus grande quantité d'acides amines libres et l'éthanol la plus petite (tableau 2). Les composants majeurs de l'azote non protéinique (NPN) sond des acides aminés libres et des amides qui comptent pour environ 75% du total. Les acides aminés qui apparaissent communément dans la protéine de pomme de terre sont présents sous forme libre excepté le tryptophane. L'acide glutaminique, l'acide aspartique et la valine sont les trois acides aminés majeurs et constituent plus que 50% des acides aminés libres totaux.

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This research was supported in part by a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation.

Scientific Journal Series Article 9052 of the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station.

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Kapoor, A.C., Desborough, S.L. & Li, P.H. Extraction of non-protein nitrogen from potato tuber and its amino acid composition. Potato Res 18, 582–587 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02365683

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