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Contamination of progeny tubers of potato plants by seed- and leaf-borneErwinia carotovora

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Summary

Marker strains ofE. carotovora var.carotovora and var.atroseptica spread from inoculated rotting tubers, buried at seed tuber level under potato plants in the field, to rhizosphere soil and progeny tubers late in the 1983 and 1984 growing seasons when weather conditions were wet. In 1982, tuber rotting was arrested in the dry soil conditions which prevailed after their burial and little spread was observed. Leaves, inoculated by spraying with bacterial suspensions, remained contaminated with low numbers of marker bacteria until the end of the season; the bacteria spread to rhizosphere soil and progeny tubers but only after multiplication in rotting leaf debris on the soil surface late in the season when the weather was wet. Bacteria from inoculated tubers and leaves also spread to plants in adjacent non-inoculated control plots, and contamination by airborne wild-type erwinias was detected, also late in the season. Over 90% of marker and wild-type bacteria isolated from all sources were var.carotovora.

Zusammenfassung

Die Ausbreitung Antibiotika-resistenter Indikatorstämme vonE. carotovora var.atroseptica und var.carotovora, von teilweise faulen Knollen, die in Knollenhöhe vergraben waren, oder von mit Bakteriensuspensionen besprühter Blätter, wurde im Feld untersucht.

Bakterien von faulenden plazierten Knollen wurden im Boden der Rhizosphäre (Tab. 3) und an Tochterknollen (Tab. 4) bei hoher Bodenfeuchtigkeit, welche sowohl das Faulen der Knollen wie auch die Bewegung der Bakterien durch den Boden begünstigte, entdeckt. Dies erfolgte 1983 und 1984 während des Septembers und Oktobers, also spät in der Wachstumsperiode, als reichlich Niederschläge fielen (Abb. 1), nicht jedoch im Jahre 1982, in dem nur geringfügige Ausbreitung beobachtet werden konnte, weil die Knollenfäule durch trockene Bodenverhältnisse, die nach dem Vergraben der Knollen herrschten, verhindert wurde.

Die Blätter blieben nach der Inokulation mit geringen Zahlen markierter Bakterien bis zum Ende der Wachstumszeit kontaminiert (Tab. 1). Die Bakterien breiteten sich im Boden der Rhizosphäre und an den Tochterknollen nur nach Vermehrung auf verrottenden Blättern an der Bodenoberfläche aus (Tab. 2). Dies konnte spät in der Vegetationszeit beobachtet werden, wenn die Regenfälle häufiger waren und feuchte Bedingungen das Faulen der Blätterrückstände förderten (Abb. 1). Unter derartigen Bedingungen breiteten sich markierte Stämme von inokulierten Knollen und Blättern zu benachbarten nicht-inokulierten Kontrollparzellen aus; Kontamination durch luftbürtige Bakterien vom Wildtyp (nicht markiert) konnte ebenfalls entdeckt werden. Über 90% der markierten und der Wildtyp-Bakterien aus allen Herkünften gehörten dem var.carotovora an (Tab. 5).

Résumé

La contamination de souches d'Erwinia carotovora var.atroseptica et var.carotovora, résistantes aux antibiotiques, est examinée au champ à partir de tubercules partiellement pourris et enterrés au niveau des tubercules de semence ou par pulvérisation sur les feuilles d'une suspension bactérienne.

Les bactéries provenant des tubercules contaminateurs sont détectées au niveau de la rhizosphère (tabl. 3) et de la descendance (tabl. 4), pour des conditions d'humidité du sol élevées qui favorisent à la fois la pourriture des tubercules et la dissémination des bactéries dans le sol. Ces conditions furent réunies tardivement, en septembre et octobre 1983 et 1984, où la pluviométrie fut abondante (fig. 1); par contre peu de contamination fut observée en 1982, car les conditions sèches du sol ont stoppé la pourriture juste après enfouissement des tubercules contaminateurs.

Les feuilles sont restées contaminées après inoculation avec un faible nombre de bactéries ‘marqueurs’ jusqu'à la fin de chaque période (tabl. 1). Les bactéries se disséminent dans la rhizosphère et sur les tubercules fils seulement après multiplication dans les débris de feuilles en décomposition à la surface du sol (tabl. 2). Ceci s'observe tard en culture lorsque les pluies sont plus fréquentes, les conditions humides favorisant la décomposition des débris de feuille (fig. 1). Dans ces conditions, les souches ‘marqueurs’ provenant de tubercules et de feuilles inoculés contaminent les plantes voisines noninoculées des parcelles-témoin; la contamination aérienne d'Erwinia type sauvage est également détectée. Plus de 90% des bactéries ‘type sauvage’ et résistantes aux antibiotiques appartiennent à la variétécarotovora (tabl. 5).

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Elphinstone, J.G., Pérombelon, M.C.M. Contamination of progeny tubers of potato plants by seed- and leaf-borneErwinia carotovora . Potato Res 29, 77–93 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02361983

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