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A pathogenic theilerial syndrome of cattle in the Narok District of Kenya

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Summary

Two theilerial parasites, pathogenic for cattle, were isolated during a field trial conducted at Aitong in the Narok District of Kenya. In a series of laboratory experiments the first of these parasites was successfully trasmitted to all of 18 cattle by syringe inoculation of piroplasm infected blood. Two lines were established which were passaged 5 and 3 times respectively. The animals inoculated all underwent a haemolytic syndrome with anaemia and jaundice and 5 of them died. Macro-and microschizonts were seen in only one of these 18 animals, but piroplasms were present in large numbers. Animals which had recovered from infection and were challenged withTheileria parva all died and there was no evidence that previous infection had conferred any protection on them. This infection was not transmitted by ticks.

The second parasite was transmitted by ticks, but could not be transmitted mechanically. Fatal infections were transmitted to susceptible cattle, but cattle which had previously recovered from East Coast fever underwent only mild reactions. The fatal infections resembled East Coast fever and macroschizonts, microschizonts and piroplasms were seen in large numbers.

The tick transmissible parasite appeared to be a strain ofT. parva, and the mechanically transmissible one a pathogenic strain ofT. mutans.

Résumé

Deux espéces deTheileria pathogènes pour le bétail ont été isolées au cours d'essais sur le terrain à Aitong (district de Narok, Kenya). Dans une série d'expériences en laboratoire, un des parasites a été transmis avec succès à 18 bovins qui avaient tous été inoculés à la seringue de sang infecté. Deux souches ont été entretenues, qui ont subi respectivement 5 et 3 passages. Les animaux inoculés ont tous présenté un syndrome hémolytique avec anémie et jaunisse, et cinq d'entre eux sont morts. Des macro—et des microschizontes ont été observés sur un seul des 18 bovins, mais les formes erythrocytaires étaient présentes en grands nombres. Les animaux guéris et soumis à l'épreuve deTheileria parva sont tous morts; apparemment, l'infection précédente ne leur avait conféré aucune protection.

Cette infection ne leur a pas été transmise avec des tiques.

Le second parasite isolé a été transmis par des tiques, mais n'a pas pu l'être mécaniquement. Des infections fatales ont été transmises à du bétail réceptif, mais les animaux guéris d'East Coast fever n'ont présenté que des réactions bénignes. Les infections fatales resétmblaient à l'East Coast fever; macro-, microschizontes et formes érythrocytaires y ont seé vus en grands nombres.

Le parasite transmissible par les tiques semble être une souche deTheileria parva, et celui transmissible mécaniquement une souche pathogène deTh. mutans.

Sumario

Dos parasitos Theileria, patogenicos para bovinos, fueron aislados durante un trabajo de campo conducido en Aitong en el distrito de Narok en Kenya. En una serie de experimentosde labaratorio el prime-ro de estos parasitos fue transmitido con exito a cada uno de los 16 bovinos mediante la inoculacion de sangre infectada con piroplasma con ayuda de una jeringa. Dos lineas fueron establecidas las cuales fueron pasadas 5 y 3 veces respectivamente. Todos los animales inoculados sufrieron un sindrome hemilitico con anemia e ictericia y 5 de ellos murieron. Macro y micro esquizontes fueron vistos en tan solo uno deestos 18 animales, pero piroplasmas estuvieron presentes en grandes numeros. Los animales que se habian recuperado de la infeccion y desafiados conTheileria parva murieron y no hubo evidencia de que la infeccion previa les habia conferido alguna proteccion.

Esta infeccion no fue transmitida por garrapatas.

El segundo parasito fue transmitido por garrapatas, pero no pudo ser transmitido en forma mecanica. Las infecciones fatales fueron transmitidas a ganado susceptible, pero los bovinos que previamente se habian recuperado de la Fiebre de la Costa del Este sufrieron solo reacciones ligeras. Las infecciones fatales asemejaban a la Fiebre de la Costa del Este y Macroesquizontes, microesquizontes y piroplasmas fueron vistos en grandes numeros.

El parasito transmitido por garrapatas parecia ser una cepa deT. parva y el transmitido en forma mecanica una forma patogena deT. mutans.

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Project supported by the United Nations Development Programme/Special Fund, with the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations as the Executing Agency, in co-operation with the East African Community. The project is also assisted by the Overseas Development Administration of the United Kingdom (Research Projects 2396 and 2494), the United States Department of Agriculture, the Rockefeller Foundation, the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Pfizer Corporation.

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Irvin, A.D., Brown, C.G.D., Burridge, M.J. et al. A pathogenic theilerial syndrome of cattle in the Narok District of Kenya. Trop Anim Health Prod 4, 220–229 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02360114

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