Abstract
Biomass and net production were measured in a Phyllostachys bambusoides stand in Kyoto Prefecture, central Japan, which had carried out gregarious flowering in 1969 and has been recovering vegetatively. The culm density fluctuated around an average value of 12 040 ha−1 during the research period (1985–91). Annual recruirment and mortality rates of culms were 1340 and 1133 ha−1, respectively. The mean diameter at breast height increased from 7.28 cm in 1985 to 8.68 cm in 1991, and the biomass of culms increased from 71.3 to 111.6t ha−1 over the same time period. Branch and leaf biomasses were almost constant, 10.0 and 9.4t ha−1 on average, respectively. The leaf area index of the stand was 11.6 ha ha−1, which is one of the largest values found in Japanese forests. The belowground biomass of 32.6t ha−1 for rhizomes and 14.8t ha−1 for fine roots resulted in the smaller ratio of aboveground parts to the root system (2.38) than those determined for forest stands. The amount of litterfall, excluding culms and large branches, was large (9.13t ha−1 year−1), corresponding to those measured in equatorial stands. The aboveground net production was 24.6t ha−1 year−1, larger than the average value reported for forest stands under similar weather conditions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agata W., Kubota F. & Kamata E. (1979) Ecological characteristics and dry matter production of some native grasses in Japan II. Effect of time and frequency of cutting in dry matter production in Sasa nipponica community. J. Jpn. Grassl. Sci. 25: 110–16 (in Japanese with English summary).
Chaturvedi O. P. & Singh S. (1987) The structure and function of pine forest in Central Himalaya I. Dry matter dynamics. Ann. Bot. 60: 237–52.
Crow T. R. (1978) Biomass and production in three contiguous forests in Northern Wisconsin. Ecology 59: 265–73.
Gholz H. L. (1982) Environmental limits on aboveground net primary production, leaf area, and biomass in vegetation zones of the Pacific Northwest. Ecology 63: 469–81.
Hatiya K., Takeuchi I. & Tochiaki K. (1989) Primary productivity of high density stands of Pinus densiflora Sieb et Zucc. Bull. For. For. Prod. Res. Inst. 354: 39–97 (in Japanese with English summary).
Isagi Y. (1990) Aboveground biomass and structure of Pseudosasa japonica community. Bamboo J. 8: 9–16 (in Japanese with English summary).
Janzen D. H. (1976) Why bamboos wait so long to flower. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 7: 347–91.
Kawaguchi H. & Yoda K. (1986) Carbon-cycling changes during regeneration of a deciduous broadleaf forest after clear-cutting I. Changes in organic matter and carbon storage. Jpn. J. Ecol. 35: 551–63.
Kawaguchi H. & Yoda K. (1989) Carbon-cycling changes during regeneration of a deciduous broadleaf forest after clear-cutting II. Aboveground net production. Ecol. Res. 4: 271–86.
Kawahara T. & Sato A. (1977) Studies on Sasa communities I. On the seasonal change of biomass and the litter fall of Pleioblastus chino. J. Jpn. For. Soc. 59: 225–7 (in Japanese).
Kawahara T., Sato A. & Tadaki Y. (1977) Studies on Sasa communities II. Seasonal changes of biomass and productive structure of Sasa nipponica. J. Jpn. For. Soc. 59: 253–4 (in Japanese).
Kawahara T. & Suzuki K. (1981) Studies on Sasa communities VI. Biomass of Sasa kurilensis and Sasa paniculata communities. J. Jpn. For. Soc. 63: 173–8 (in Japanese).
Kira T. (1975) Primary production of forests. In: Photosynthesis and Productivity in Different Environments (ed. J. P. Cooper) pp. 5–40. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Kira T. (1977) Production rates. In: Primary Productivity of Japanese Forests (eds T. Shidei & T. Kira) pp. 101–14. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo.
Kira T. (1978) Community architecture and organic matter dynamics in tropical lowland rain forest of Southwest Asia with special reference to Pasoh Forest, West Malaysia. In: Tropical Trees as Living System (eds P. B. Tomlinson & M. H. Zimmermann) pp. 561–90. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Kira T. & Shidei T. (1967) Primary production and turnover of organic matter in different forest ecosystems of the Western Pacific. Jpn. J. Ecol. 17: 70–87.
Kitamura S. & Murata G. (1979) Coloured Illustrations of Woody Plants of Japan II. Hoikusya, Osaka (in Japanese).
Lieth H. (1975a) Primary production of the major vegetation units of the world. In: Primary Productivity of the Biosphere (eds H. Lieth & R. H. Whittaker) pp. 203–15. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Lieth H. (1975b) Modeling the primary productivity of the world. In: Primary Productivity of the Biosphere (eds H. Lieth & R. H. Whittaker) pp. 237–63. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Monsi M. & Saeki T. (1953) Über den Lichtfaktor in den Pflanzengesellshaften und seine Bedeutung für die Stoffproduction. Jpn. J. Bot. 14: 22–52 (in German).
Ogawa H. (1977) Principles and methods of estimating primary production in forests. In: Primary Productivity of Japanese Forests (eds) T. Shidei & T. Kira) pp. 29–35. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo.
Ogawa H. & Kira T. (1977) Methods of estimating forest biomass. In: Primary Productivity of Japanese Forests (eds T. Shidei & T. Kira) pp. 15–25. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo.
Ohrnberger D. (1983) The genera of bamboo. J. Am. Bamboo Soc. 4: 43–52.
O'Neill R. V. & DeAngelis D. L. (1981) Comparative productivity and biomass relations of forest ecosystems. In: Dynamic Properties of Forest Ecosystems (ed. D. E. Reichle) pp. 411–49. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Osaka Regional Forestry Office (1931) Special Forestry. Osaka Regional Forestry Office, Osaka (in Japanese).
Oshima Y. (1961) Ecological studies of Sasa communities I. Productive structure of some of the Sasa communities in Japan. Bot. Mag. Tokyo 74: 199–210.
Saito H. (1989) Forest Production. In: Forest Ecology (ed. T. Tsutsumi) pp. 43–95. Asakurasyoten, Tokyo (in Japanese).
Satoo T. (1982) Forest Biomass. Dr W. Junk Publishers, The Hague.
Soderstrom T. R. & Calderón C. E. (1979) Distribution and environment of the Bambusoideae. In: Ecology of Grasslands and Bamboo Lands in the World (ed. M. Numata) pp. 223–36. Dr W. Junk Publishers, The Hague.
Suzuki S. (1978) Index to Japanese Bambusaceae. Gakken, Tokyo.
Suzuki T. (1976) Productivity of Moso-chiku (Phyllostachys edulis) stands. Trans. Mtg. Jpn. For. Soc. 87: 223–4 (in Japanese).
Suzuki T. (1989) Biomass and productivity of bamboo stands. Rep. Trop. Agri. Res. Cent. 65: 94–7 (in Japanese).
Suzuki T. & Uchimura E. (1980) Productivity of Hachiku (Phyllostachys puborula Makino). Trans. Mtg. Jpn. For. Soc. 91: 327–8 (in Japanese).
Tadaki Y. (1966) Some discussions on the leaf biomass of forest stands and trees. Bull. Gov. For. Exp. Sta., Tokyo 184: 135–61.
Tadaki Y. (1976) Biomass of forests, with special reference to the leaf biomass of forests in Japan. J. Jpn. For. Soc. 58: 416–23.
Tadaki Y., Hatiya K. & Tochiaki K. (1970) Studies on the production structure of forest (XVI) Primary productivity of Abies veitchii forests in the subalpine zone of Mt. Fuji. Bull. Gov. For. Sta., Tokyo 229: 1–22.
Tadaki Y. & Kagawa T. (1968) Studies on the production structure of forest (XIII) Seasonal change of litterfall in some evergreen stands. J. Jpn. For. Soc. 50: 7–13 (in Japanese with English summary).
Taylor A. H. & Zisheng Q. (1987) Culm dynamics and dry matter production of bamboos in the Wolong and Tangjiahe giant panda reserves, Sichuan, China. J. Appl. Ecol. 24: 419–33.
Uchimura E. (1972) Studies on cultivation and tending of non-flowering and flowering bamboo Phyllostachys reticulata forest. Bull. Kumamoto Pref. For. Res. Cent. 1: 1–98 (in Japanese with English summary).
Uchimura E. (1978) Ecological studies on cultivation of tropical bamboo forest in the Philippines. Bull. For. For. Prod. Res. Inst. 301: 79–118.
Veblen T. T., Schlegel F. M. & Escobar R. (1980) Dry-matter production of two species of bamboo (Chusquea culeou and C. tenuiflora) in South-Central Chile. J. Ecol. 68: 397–404.
Watanabe M. (1983a) On the productivity of a Phyllostachys bambusoides stand in recovering from flowering. J. Jpn. For. Soc. 65: 89–93.
Watanabe M. (1983b) Studies on the ecological characteristics of bamboo stand (I) Litter-fall and the amount of sheaths in Phyllostachys pubescens and Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis stands. Bamboo J. 1: 28–35 (in Japanese).
Watanabe M. (1987) Basic Studies on the Management of Bamboo Forest Based on Ecological Characteristics. Japan Society of Bamboo Development and Protection, Kyoto (in Japanese).
Whittaker R. H. (1966) Forest dimensions and production in the great smoky mountains. Ecology 47: 103–21.
Zavitkovski J. & Stevens R. D. (1972) Primary productivity of red alder ecosystems. Ecology 53: 235–42.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
About this article
Cite this article
Isagi, Y., Kawahara, T. & Kamo, K. Biomass and net production in a bamboo Phyllostachys bambusoides stand. Ecol. Res. 8, 123–133 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02348524
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02348524