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A modified hole-drilling technique for determining residual stresses in thin plates

A modification to the hole-drilling technique is made which extends the range of measurements to plates as thin as 0.050 in. (1.27mm). The necessity of calibration for each experimental hole-gage assembly is eliminated

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Abstract

This paper presents a modified hole-drilling technique for measuring residual stresses in sheet and thin-plate materials. The primary advantage of the modification is that it eliminates the necessity for calibration of each experimental hole-gage assembly. The relaxation coefficients are calculated from theory, and the strain components which are extraneous to the true relaxation strains are determined and separated from the measured relaxation strains.

Experiments were conducted on 0.050-in. (1.27-mm) and 0.125-in. (3.175-mm)-thickness aluminum-alloy specimens. Sources of extraneous strain components are analyzed and values for these strain components resulting from machining residual stresses and localized plastic yielding are determined. Finally, the recommended range of the nondimensional ratio of hole diameter to distance between hole center and strain-gage center is determined by the maximum permissible error in residual-stress estimates. The modified technique appears to be accurate within ±5 percent or better and is, therefore, comparable in precision with the X-ray technique.

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Abbreviations

c d ,(c d ′) :

drilling clearance, in. (mm)

d :

hole size, in. (mm)

E :

modulus of elasticity, psi (MPa)

GL :

gage length of strain gage, in. (mm)

K r ,K θ :

relaxation coefficients in the radial and tangential directions, respectively, dimensionless

r :

distance from the hole center to straingage center, in. (mm)

δ:

sign operator =±1

∈ :

strain, in./in. (m/m)

∈ R :

relaxation strain

∈ Rr , ∈ Rθ :

relaxation strains in the radial and tangential directions, respectively

∈ T :

total strain relaxation, as measured

∈ m :

relaxation strain due to machining stresses

∈ p :

relaxation strain due to localized plastic yielding

∈ r °, ∈ θ ° :

radial and tangential strains in the vicinity of the drilled hole

∈ r °, ∈ θ ° :

radial and tangential strains in a uniform strain field

θ :

angle between the direction of measurement and the stress direction, deg

φ i :

indicates hole diameter after theith drilling sequence

λ:

parameter defined byd/r, dimensionless

ν:

Poisson's ratio of the material

σ:

stress, psi (MPa)

σ x :

uniform stress

∈ x ' :

the calculated stress

σ r , σ θ , ∈ r θ :

radial, tangential and shear-stress components

σ y :

the yield stress of the material

References

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, the University of Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

    A. M. Nawwar (Graduate Student)

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, the University of Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

    K. McLachlan (Associate Professor)

  3. Mechanical Engineering, the University of Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

    J. Shewchuk (Professor)

Authors
  1. A. M. Nawwar
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  2. K. McLachlan
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  3. J. Shewchuk
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Nawwar, A.M., McLachlan, K. & Shewchuk, J. A modified hole-drilling technique for determining residual stresses in thin plates. Experimental Mechanics 16, 226–232 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02329273

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02329273

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