Abstract
The development of a tubular test specimen for the characterization of advanced composite-material lamina and laminate mechanical properties is presented. The specimen design and supporting analyses are given for a practical tubular specimen that minimizes end effects. Test results for simplified loading conditions are shown to be in good agreement with values obtained in other tests. Failure strains in laminates are higher than those obtained in comparable flat-coupon tests. The results obtained indicate that the specimen and apparatus are useful for obtaining response properties and failure values under general in-plane loading.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Liber, T., Daniel, I.M., LaBedz, R. and Niiro, T., “Fabrication and Testing of Composite Ring Specimens,” Proc. SPI, New Orleans (Feb. 1979).
Whitney, J.M., “Free-Edge Effects in the Characterization of Composite Materials,” Analysis of the Test Methods for High Modulus Fibers and Composites, ASTM STP 521, 167–180 (1973).
Daniel, I.M. et al. “Biaxial Testing of Graphite/Epoxy Composites Containing Stress Concentrations,”Final Tech. Rep. AFML-TR-76-244, Air Force Materials Laboratory, Air Force Systems Command, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH (Sept. 1976).
Broutman, L.J. and Krock, R.H., Composite Materials,8,Academic Press (1975).
Guess, T.R. andGerstle, F.P., “Deformation and Fracture of Resin Matrix Composites in Combined Stress States,”J. Comp. Mat.,11,146 (April 1977).
Daniel, I.M., Liber, T., Vanderby, R. and Keller, G.M., “Stress Analysis of Tubular Specimen for Biaxial Testing of Composite Laminates,” Proc. 16th Mtg. Soc. of Eng. Sci., Evanston, IL (Sept. 1979).
Duggen, M.F. and Bailie, J.A., “A New Test Specimen Geometry for Achieving Uniform Biaxial Stress Distributions in Laminated Composite Cylinders,” submitted to 3rd Int. Conf. on Comp. Mat., Paris, France (August 1980).
Wu, E.M. andScheublein, J.K., “Laminate Strength — A Direct Characterization Procedure,” Composite Materials: Testing and Design (3rd Conf.), ASTM STP 546, 188–206 (1974).
Soden, P.D., Leadbetter, P.R., Griggs, P.R. and Eckold, G.C., “The Strength of a Filament Wound Composite Under Biaxial Loading,” Composites, 247 (Oct. 1978).
Halpin, J.C., Pagano, N.J., Whitney, J.M. andWu, E.M., “Characterization of Anisotropic Composite Materials,” Composite Materials: Testing and Design, ASTM STP 460, 37–47 (1969).
Whitney, J.M., Pagano, N.J. andPipes, R.B., “Design and Fabrication of Tubular Specimens for Composite Characterization,” Composite Materials: Testing and Design (2nd conf.), ASTM STP 497, 52–67 (1971).
Pagano, N.J. andWhitney, J.M., “Geometric Design of Composite Cylindrical Characterization Specimens,”J. Comp. Mat.,4,360 (July 1970).
Cook, R.D., Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY (1974).
Lekhnitskii, S.C., Theory of Elasticity of an Anisotropic Elastic Body, Holden-Day Inc. (1963).
Tsai, S.W. and Hahn, H.T., Introduction to Composite Materials, Technomic Publishing Co. (1980).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Toombes, G.R., Swanson, S.R. & Cairns, D.S. Biaxial testing of composite tubes. Experimental Mechanics 25, 186–192 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02328810
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02328810