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An experimental and analytical treatment of matrix cracking in cross-ply laminates

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Abstract

The development of damage in cross-ply Hercules AS4/3502 graphite/epoxy laminates has been investigated. Specific endeavors were to identify the mechanisms for initiation and growth of matrix cracks and to determine the effect of matrix cracking on the stiffness loss in cross-ply laminates. Two types of matrix cracks were identified. These include both straight and curved cracks. The experimental study of matrix crack damage revealed that the curved cracks formed after the straight cracks and followed a repeatable pattern of location and orientation relative to the straight cracks. Therefore, it was postulated that the growth mechanism for curved cracks is driven by the stress state resulting from the formation of the straight cracks. This phenomenon was analytically investigated by a finite-element model of straight cracks in a cross-ply laminate. The finite-element results provide supporting evidence for the postulated growth mechanism. The experimental study also revealed that the number of curved cracks increased with the number of consecutive 90-deg plies. Finally, experimental results show as much as 10-percent degradation in axial stiffness due to matrix cracking in cross-ply graphite/epoxy laminates.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 94550, Livermore, CA

    S. E. Groves (Scientist)

  2. Aerospace Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, 27843, College Station, TX

    C. E. Harris (Assistant Professors), A. L. Highsmith (Assistant Professors) & D. H. Allen (Associate Professor)

  3. Fort Worth Division, General Dynamics, Fort Worth, TX

    R. G. Norvell (Associate Professor)

Authors
  1. S. E. Groves
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  2. C. E. Harris
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  3. A. L. Highsmith
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  4. D. H. Allen
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  5. R. G. Norvell
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Groves, S.E., Harris, C.E., Highsmith, A.L. et al. An experimental and analytical treatment of matrix cracking in cross-ply laminates. Experimental Mechanics 27, 73–79 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02318867

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02318867

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