Skip to main content
Log in

A review of direct liquid introduction interfacing for LC/MS Part II: Mass spectrometry and applications

  • Review Paper
  • Published:
Chromatographia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

The coupling liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry is still growing in popularity. Direct liquid introduction has become one of the most important interfaces in LC/MS coupling. The various aspects of the interface have been investigated by several groups. This paper is the second part of a review of the developments in direct liquid introduction. Instrumental aspects of direct liquid introduction interfacing were discussed in the first part. This part will deal with the mass spectrometric aspects, i.e. chemical ionization and the influence of the various experimental conditions on the spectra. The applications of direct liquid introduction will also be reviewed briefly.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. W. M. A. Niessen, part I. Chromatographia21, 277 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. R. C. Willoughby, R. F. Browner, Anal. Chem.56, 2625 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. A. G. Harrison, Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry, 1983, CRC Press, Boca Ration, Florida, U.S.A.

    Google Scholar 

  4. J. Yinon, D.-G. Hwang, J. Chromatogr.268, 45 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. R. D. Voyksner, J. R. Hass, M. M. Bursey, Anal. Chem.54, 2465 (1982).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. J. Yinon, A. Cohen, Org. Mass Spectrom.18, 47 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. C. N. Kenyon, A. Melera, F. Erni, J. Anal. Toxicol.5, 216 (1981).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. F. R. Sugnaux, D. S. Skrabalak, J. D. Henion, J. Chromatogr.264, 357 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. P. J. Arpino, P. Krien, S. Vajta, G. Devant, J. Chromatogr.203, 117 (1981).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. C. E. Parker, K. Yamaguchi, D. J. Harvan, R. W. Smith, J. R. Hass, J. Chromatogr.319, 273 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. W. M. A. Niessen, H. Poppe, J. Chromatogr.323, 37 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. R. D. Voyksner, J. T. Bursey, Anal. Chem.56, 1582 (1984).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. L. M. Shalaby, Biomed. Mass Spectrom.12, 261 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. R. D. Voyksner, C. E. Parker, J. R. Hass, M. M. Bursey, Anal. Chem.54, 2583 (1982).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. M. Dedieu, C. Juin, P.J. Arpino, J. P. Bounine, G. Guiochon, J. Chromatogr.251, 203 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. A. Melera, Adv. Mass Spectrom.8B, 1597 (1980).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. P. Krien, G. Devant, M. Hardy, J. Chromatogr.251, 129 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. J. D. Henion, J. Chromatogr. Sci.18, 101 (1980).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. C. N. Kenyon, A. Melera, F. Erni, J. Chromatogr. Sci.18, 103 (1980).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. D. F. Hunt, C. N. McEwen, T. M. Harvey, Anal. Chem.47, 1730 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. M. Dedieu, C. Juin, P. J. Arpino, G. Guiochon Anal. Chem.54, 2372 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. D. I. Carroll, I. Dzidic, R. N. Stillwell, K. D. Haegele, E. C. Horning, Anal. Chem.47, 2369 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. P. Hirter, H. J. Walther, P. Datwyler, J. Chromatogr.323, 89 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. K. Matsumoto, H. Kojima, K. Yasuda, S. Tsuge, Org. Mass Spectrom.20, 243 (1985).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. P. J. Arpino, J. P. Bounine, M. Dedieu, G. Guiochon, J. Chromatogr.271, 43 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. C. R. Blakley, M. L. Vestal, Anal. Chem.55, 750 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. C. R. Blakley, J. J. Carmody, M. L. Vestal J. Amer. Chem. Soc.102, 5931 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. P. J. Arpino, G. Guiochon, J. Chromatogr.251, 153 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. P. J. Arpino, C. Beaugrand, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc.64, 275 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. C. M. Whitehouse, R. N. Dreyer, M. Yamashita, J. B. Fenn, Anal. Chem.57, 675 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. B. A. Thomson, J. V. Iribarne, P. J. Dziedzic, Anal. Chem.54, 2219 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. A. P. Bruins, B. F. H. Drenth, J. Chromatogr.271, 71 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. M. Guilhaus, I. K. Gregor, Org. Mass Spectrom.20, 312 (1985).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. P. J. Arpino, G. Guiochon, P. Krien, G. Devant, J. Chromatogr.185, 529 (1979).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. J. Yinon, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys.48, 253 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. J. D. Henion, G. A. Maylin, Biomed. Mass Spectrom.7, 115 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. M. S. Lant, L. E. Martin, J. Oxford, J. Chromatogr.323, 143 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. M. A. Baldwin, F. W. McLafferty, Org. Mass Spectrom.7, 1111 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. M. A. Baldwin, F. W. McLafferty, Org. Mass Spectrom.7, 1353 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. H. R. Schulten, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys.32, 97 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. C. E. Parker, C. A. Haney, J. R. Hass, J. Chromatogr.237, 233 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. C. E. Parker, C. A. Haney, D. J. Harvan, J. R. Hass, J. Chromatogr.242, 77 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. R. D. Voyksner, J. T. Bursey, E. D. Pellizzari, J. Chromatogr.312, 221 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. J. D. Henion, T. Wachs, Anal. Chem.53, 1963 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. C. Eckers, D. S. Skrabalak, J. D. Henion, Clin. Chem.28, 1882 (1982).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. C. Eckers, J. D. Henion, G. A. Maylin, D. S. Skrabalak, J. Vessman, A. M. Tivert, J. C. Greenfield, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys.46, 205 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. D. S. Skrabalak, T. R. Covey, J. D. Henion, J. Chromatogr.315, 359 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. D. S. Skrabalak, K. K. Cuddy, J. D. Henion, J. Chromatogr.341, 261 (1985).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. E. D. Lee, J. D. Henion, J. Chromatogr. Sci.23, 253 (1985).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. E. Houghton, M. C. Dumasia, J. K. Wellby, Biomed. Mass Spectrom.8, 558 (1981).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. T. Cairns, E. G. Siegmund, J. J. Stamp, J. P. Skelly, Biomed. Mass Spectrom.10, 203 (1983).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. N. J. Alcock, C. Eckers, D. E. Games, M. P. L. Games, M. S. Lant, M. A. McDowall, M. Rossiter, R. W. Smith, S. A. Westwood, H.-Y. Wong, J. Chromatogr.251, 165 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. T. J. Yu, H. A. Schwartz, S. A. Cohen, P. Vouros, B. L. Karger, J. Chromatogr.301, 425 (1984).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. D. E. Games, E. D. Ramsey. J. Chromatogr.323, 67 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. C. N. Kenyon, Biomed. Mass Spectrom.10, 535 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. D. G. Dawkins, P. J. Arpino, F. W. McLafferty, Biomed. Mass Spectrom.5, 1 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. D. Pilosof, H.-Y. Kim, M. L. Vestal, D. F. Dyckes, Biomed. Mass Spectrom.11, 403 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. D. Pilosof, H.-Y. Kim, D. F. Dyckes, M. L. Vestal, Anal. Chem.56, 1236 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. P. J. Arpino, J. Chromatogr.323, 3 (1985).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. J. J. Myher, A. Kuksis, L. Marai, F. Manganaro, J. Chromatogr.283, 289 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. P. J. Arpino, M. A. Baldwin, F. W. McLafferty, Biomed. Mass Spectrom.1, 80 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. R. D. Voyksner, J. R. Hass, M. M. Bursey, Analyt. Letters15, 1 (1982).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. R. D. Voyksner, J. R. Hass, M. M. Bursey, Analyt. Letters16, 1165 (1983).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. J. D. Henion, B. A. Thomson, P. H. Dawson, Anal. Chem.54, 451 (1982).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. D. J. Dixon, Analusis10, 343 (1982).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. F. Erni, J. Chromatogr.251, 141 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. P. J. Arpino, P. Krien, J. Chromatogr. Sci.18, 104 (1980).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. R. G. Christensen, E. White V, S. Meiselman, H. S. Hertz, J. Chromatogr.271, 61 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. H. Milon, H. Bur, J. Chromatogr.271, 83 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. J. B. Crowther, T. R. Covey, E. A. Dewey, J. D. Henion, Anal. Chem.56, 2921 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. M. Azoulay, P.-L. Desbene, F. Frappier, Y. Georges, J. Chromatogr.303, 272 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Ribermag, Application note no. 30.

  73. J. Yinon, D.-G. Hwang, J. Chromatogr.339, 127 (1985).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. A. Kuksis, L. Marai, J. J. Myher, J. Chromatogr.273, 43 (1983).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. F. R. Sugnaux, C. Djerassi, J. Chromatogr.251, 189 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. E. L. Esmans, Y. Luyten, F. C. Alderweireldt, Biomed. Mass Spectrom.10, 347 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. E. L. Esmans, P. Geboes, Y. Luyten, F. C. Alderweireldt, Biomed. Mass Spectrom.12, 241 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. A. Shams El Dine, A. Bermond, D. N. Rutledge, C. Ducauze, Analyst109, 817 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  79. A. K. Shukla, R. Schauer, U. Schade, H. Moll, E. Th. Rietschel, J. Chromatogr.337, 231 (1985).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. R. Tijssen, J. P. A. Bleumer, A. L. C. Smit, M. E. van Kreveld, J. Chromatogr.218, 137 (1981).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. R. G. Christensen, E. White V, J. Chromatogr.323, 33 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. R. Schuster, Chromatographia13, 379 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Niessen, W.M.A. A review of direct liquid introduction interfacing for LC/MS Part II: Mass spectrometry and applications. Chromatographia 21, 342–354 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02311607

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02311607

Key Words

Navigation