Skip to main content
Log in

Social networks with two sets of actors

  • Published:
Psychometrika Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Traditional network research analyzes relational ties within a single group of actors: the models presented in this paper involve relational ties exist beteen two distinct sets of actors. Statistical models for traditional networks in which relations are measured within a group simplify when modeling unidirectional relations measured between groups. The traditional paradigm results in a one-mode socionatrix; the network paradigm considered in this paper results in a two-mode socionatrix; A statistical model is presented, illustrated on a sample data set, and compared to its traditional counterpart. Extensions are discussed, including those that model multivariate relations simultaneously, and those that allow for the inclustion of attributes of the individuals in the group.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allison, P. D., & Liker, J. K. (1982). Analyzing sequential categorical data on dyadic interactions: A comment on Gottman.Psychological Bulletin, 91, 393–403.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arbie, P. A., Boorman, S. A., & Levitt, P. R. (1978). Constructing blockmodels: How and why.Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 17, 21–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bondy, J. A., & Murty, U. S. R. (1976).Graph theory with applications. New York: North-Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Draper, N., & Smith, H. (1981).Applied regression analysis (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fararo, T. J., & Doreian, P. (1984). Tripartite structural analysis: Generalizing the Breiger-Wilson formalism.Social Networks, 6, 141–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fienberg, S. E. (1980).The analysis of cross-classified categorical data (2nd ed.). Cambirdge, MA: The MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fienberg, S. E., Meyer, M. M., & Wasserman, S. (1985). Statistical analysis of multiple sociometric relations.Journal of the American Statistical Association, 80, 51–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fienberg, S. E., & Wasserman, S. (1981). Categorical data analysis of single sociometric relations. In S. Lienhardt (Ed.),Sociological methdology (pp. 156–192). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frank, O., & Strauss, D. (1986). Markov graphs.Jorunal of the American Statistical Association, 81, 832–842.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedland, M. H., Barnett, G. A., & Danowski, J. A. (1988, Februray).The network structure of American industrial and service organizations based upon shared public relations and advertising firms. Paper presented to the Sunbelt Social Networks Conference, Can Diego, CA.

  • Galaskiewicz, J. (1985).Social organizations of an urban grant economy: A study of business philanthropy and nonprofit organizations. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gorsuch, R. L. (1983).Factor analysis (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gottman, J. M. (1979). Detecting cyclicity in social interaction.Psychological Bulletin, 86. 338–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hage, P., & Harary, F. (1983).Structural models in anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harman, H. H. (1976).Modern factor anlaysis (3rd ed.). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holland, P. W., & Leinhardt, S. (1981). An exponential family of probability distributions for directed graphs.Journal of the American Statistical Association, 76, 33–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubert, L. J., & Baker, F. B. (1978). Evaluating the conformity of sociometric measurements.Psychometrika, 43, 31–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iacobucci, D. (1989). Modeling multivariate sequential dyadic inteactions.Social Networks, 11, 315–362.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iacobucci, D., & Wasserman, S. (1988). A general framework for the statistical analysis of sequential dyadic interaction data.Psychological Bulletin, 103, 379–390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenny, D. A., & LaVoie, L. (1984). The social relations model. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.),Advances in experimental social psychology, 18 (pp. 141–182). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knoke, D., & Kuklinski, J. H. (1982).Network analysis. Beverly Hills: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kruskal, J. B., & Wish, M. (1978).Multidimensional scaling. Beverly Hills: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorrain, F., & White, H. C. (1971). The structural equivalence of individuals in social networks.Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 1, 49–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonald, R. P. (1985).Factor analysis and related methods. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sampson, S. F. (1968).A novitiate in a period of change: An experimental and case study of relationships. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Cornell University, Department of Sociology.

  • Scheffé, H. (1959).The analysis of variance. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, D., & Ikeda, M. (1990). Pseudolikelihood estimation for social networks.Journal of the American Statistical Association, 85, 204–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Torgerson, W. S. (1958).Theory and methods of scaling. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tucker, L. R. (1963). Implications of factor analysis of three-way matrices for measurement of change. In C. W. Harris (Ed.).Problems in measuring change (pp. 122–137). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tucker, L. R. (1966). Some mathematical notes on three-mode factor analysis.Psychometrika, 31, 279–311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tucker, L. R. (1972). Relations between multidimensional scaling and three-mode factor analysis.Psychometrika, 37, 3–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wasserman, S. (1987). Conformity of two sociometric relations.Psychometrika, 52, 3–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wasserman, S., & Anderson, C. (1987). Stochastic a posteriori blockmodels: Construction and assessment.Social Networks, 9, 1–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wasserman, S., & Fuast, K. (1990).Social network analysis: Methods and applications. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wasserman, S., & Iacobucci, D. (1986). Statistical analysis of discrete relational data.British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 39, 41–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wasserman, S., & Iacobucci, D. (1988). Sequential social network data.Psychometrika, 53, 261–282.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wasserman, S., & Iacobucci, D. (in press). Statistical modeling of one-mode and two-mode networks: Simultaneous analysis of graphs and bipartite graphs.British Jorunal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology.

  • Wasserman, S., & Weaver, S. O. (1985). Statistical analysis of binary relational data: Parameter estimation.Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 29, 406–427.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, H. C., Boorman, S. A., & Breiger, R. L. (1976). Social structure from multiple networks I: Blockmodels of roles and positions.American Journal of Sociology, 81, 730–780.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, T. P. (1982). Relational networks: An extension of sociometric concepts.Social Networks.4, 105–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong, G. (1989, April).Maximum likelihood estimation of the p 1 model. Paper presented at the Stockholm Conference on Random Graphs and Applications. Stockholm, Sweden.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

We thank the Editor and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. We are also grateful to George Barnett for allowing us to analyze his data.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Iacobucci, D., Wasserman, S. Social networks with two sets of actors. Psychometrika 55, 707–720 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02294618

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02294618

Key words

Navigation