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Petrography and geochemistry of carbonate void-filling cements in fossil reefs

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Zusammenfassung

Die Untersuchung der Verteilung von Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Sr2+ und K+, sowie O18 und C13 in Hohlraumzementen aus drei fossilen Riffen von devonischem und triadischem Alter zeigt eine rhythmische Schwankung in den sukzessiven Zementschalen. Die Schwankung der geochemischen Parameter reflektiert eine änderung der Salinitätsbedingungen. Dies wird unter der Annahme erklärt, daß die Ausfüllung der Hohlräume zuerst in einem halbgeschlossenen, später dann in einem relativ geschlossenen System stattfindet. Die Faktorenanalyse bestätigt diese Hypothese.

Die Mineralogie der gebildeten Zemente folgt der rhythmischen Salinitätsschwankung und daraus entstand zunächst eine Wechsellagerung von calcitischen und aragonitischen Zementen.

über Inversion und Sammelkristallisation bildet sich während der späteren Diagenese der fibröse Calcit, dessen rhythmische Gefügeabfolge von der ursprünglichen Mineralogie der Zemente diktiert wird. Als letzte Zementgeneration folgt blockiger Calcit aus ionenarmen Lösungen, wobei keine Umwandlung dieser Zementphase mehr erfolgt.

Aus der Faktorenanalyse aller geochemischen Parameter ergeben sich drei Faktorengruppen, die die Salinität, Temperatur und ursprüngliche Bildungsmineralogie charakterisieren.

Abstract

An Investigation of the distribution of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Sr2+ and K+ as well as O18 and C13 in void-filling cements out of three fossil reefs — of Devonian and Triassic ages — shows a rhythmic fluctuation of these parameters in the successive layers. This reflects a similar change in the salinity conditions during cementation. It also leads to the presumption that the void filling process starts in early stages with a semi-closed system and later passes into a relatively closed one. Results obtained from factor analysis support this hypothesis.

The original mineralogic constitution of the cements must have followed the rhythmic fluctuation of salinity with the result of forming alternative layers of aragonite and calcite. These lead, through inversion and grain growth, in later diagenetic stages to the formation of fibrous calcite.

Blocky calcite represents the last stage of cementation. It crystallises out of exhausted solutions and shows no signs of inversion.

Multivariate analysis of all investigated parameters reveals three factors. These were interpreted as representing Salinity, Temperature and original Mineralogy.

Résumé

L'examen de la répartition du Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Sr2+ et K+, ainsi que O18 et C13 dans le ciment de remplissage des vides de 3 récifs fossiles d'âge dévonien à triasique, montre une variation rythmique dans les couches successives du ciment. La variation des paramètres chimiques reflète un changement dans les conditions de la salinité. Ceci s'explique si l'on accepte que le remplissage des vides a eu lieu dans un milieu d'abord à moitié fermé, et plus tard relativement fermé. L'analyse des facteurs confirme cette hypothèse. La minéralogie du ciment formé est conforme à la variation rythmique de la salinité, d'où résulta une alternance de ciment calcitique et aragonitique.

Après l'inversion et la recristallisation coalescente, il s'est formé, durant la diagenèse ultérieure de la calcite fibreuse, dont la succession structurale rythmique est dictée par la minéralogie originelle du ciment. Comme dernière génération de ciment, vient de la calcite en bloc provenant d'une solution pauvre en ions, sans qu'il s'en suive une transformation decette phase de cimentation.

L'analyse des facteurs de tous les paramètres chimiques fait apparaÎtre trois groupes de facteurs qui caractérisent la salinité, la température et la minéralogie originelle de formation.

кРАткОЕ сОДЕРжАНИЕ

В цЕМЕНтАх, жАпОлНьУЩ Их пОлОстИ тРЕх ОкАМЕ НЕлых РИФОВ тРИАсскОгО И ДЕВОНск ОгО ВОжРАстОВ пРОслЕДИл И РАспРЕДЕлЕНИЕ слЕД УУЩИх ЁлЕМЕНтОВ: Sa2+, Mg2+, Na2+, Sr2+ И K+, А тАкжЕ стАБИльНых Иж ОтОпОВ18O И13S И УстАНОВИ лИ Их РИтМИЧНыЕ кОлЕБАНИь В цЕМЕНтАх. кОлЕБАНИь Их гЕОхИМИ ЧЕскИх пАРАМЕтРОВ От РАжАУт ИжМЕНЕНИь УслОВИИ сО лЕНОстИ. ЁтО ьВлЕНИЕ пОьсНьУт, пРИ НьВ, ЧтО жАпОлНЕНИЕ пО лОстЕИ шлО ВНАЧАлЕ В пОлУжАМкНУ тых, А жАтЕМ В сРАВНИтЕльН О жАМкНУтых сИстЕМАх. ФАктОРНыИ АНАлИж сОБРАННых ДАН Ных пОДтВЕРжДАЕт ВыскАжАННУУ гИпОтЕж У. МИНЕРАлОгИь ОБРАжОВ АВшИхсь цЕМЕНтОВ тАк жЕ слЕДУЕт РИтМИЧНОМУ кОлЕБАНИ У сОлОНОстИ, В РЕжУльтАтЕ ЧЕгО ВНА ЧАлЕ ОБРАжУУтсь пЕРЕ МЕжАУЩИЕсь кАльцИтОВыЕ И АРАгОН ИтОВыЕ цЕМЕНты. В слЕДстВИЕ пРОцЕссО В ИНВЕРсИИ И ОБЩЕИ кРИстАллИжАцИИ ВО ВР ЕМь ДАльНЕИшЕгО ДИАг ЕНЕжА пОьВльЕтсь ФИБРОжНы И кАльцИт, РИтМИЧЕскО Е стРОЕНИЕ кОтОРОгО ОпРЕДЕльЕт сь ИсхОДНыМ МИНЕРАлОгИ ЧЕскИМ сОстАВОМ цЕМЕ НтОВ. кАк пОслЕДНЕЕ пОкОлЕНИЕ цЕМЕНтАцИИ, ВОжНИкАЕт БлОкОВОИ к АльцИт Иж БЕДНых ИОНА М РАстВОРОВ, пРИЧЕМ кАкИх-лИБО ДАл ьНЕИшИх пРЕОБРАжОВАНИИ ЁтОт цЕМЕНт УжЕ НЕ пРЕтЕРп ЕВАЕт. пРИ РАссМОтРЕНИИ пОлУЧЕ ННых ДАННых ВсЕх гЕОхИМИЧЕскИх п АРАМЕтРОВ пОлУЧИлИ 3 г РУппы ФАктОРОВ, хАРАктЕРИж УУЩИх сОлЕНОсть, тЕМпЕРАтУ РУ И ИсхОДНыИ МИНЕРАл ОгИЧЕскИИ сОстАВ.

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Mirsal, I.A., Zankl, H. Petrography and geochemistry of carbonate void-filling cements in fossil reefs. Geol Rundsch 68, 920–951 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02274679

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