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New aspects of the use of tranquillizers in animal husbandry, with particular reference to pigs

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Abstract

Tranquillizers have been used in animal husbandry to inorease production, to control stress from transport or herding together or to prevent abnormal behaviour patterns, such as fighting. Neuroleptic drugs (phenothiazine derivatives, reserpine and butyrophenones) have been widely used for these purposes, while anxiolytic sedatives (meprobamate and benzodiazepines), which have more limited effects, have only been little used. In view of the lack of carefully designed experimental studies it is not possible to determine the factors responsible for variations in the effects of the drugs. The effectiveness of these substances from the biological and practical points of view has therefore been systematically analysed and some examples of their present and possible future applications are given.

Kurzfassung

Zur Erhöhung der Zuchtleistung, Vorbeugung der bei Transport, Massenhaltung und Stallwechsel auftretenden Agressionen, sowie zur Kontrolle regelwidrigen Verhaltens wie Beissereien unter den Tieren, wurden Psychopharmaka in der Tierhaltung eingesetzt. Zur Erreichnung dieser genannten Wirkungen wurden hauptsächlich Derivat des Phenothiazins, Reserpin und Butyrophenone gebraucht, dagegen Meprobamat und benzodiazepine mit ihrer begrenzteren Wirkungsweise nur wenig verwendet. Durch den Mangel an genügend exakten experimentellen Arbeiten ist es nicht immer möglich, die für die berichteten Aktivitätsunterschiede des jeweils getesteten Medikaments verantwortlichen Faktoren zu bestimmen. Daher wurden systematische Versuche bezüglich der biologischen und praktischen Wirksamkeit der Substanzen entwickelt. Einige Beispiele durchgeführter Versuche sowie Anregungen zu weiteren Versuchsmöglichkeiten werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit beschrieben.

Resume

Les tranquillisants ont été utilisés en élevage pour augmenter les performances zootechniques, pour prévenir les effets des agressions du transport, de la mise en lots et du changement de locaux ou pour contrôler des comportements anormaux comme les combats entre animaux. Les neuroleptiques (dérivés de la phénothiazine, réserpine, butyrophénones) ont été principalement employés dans ce but, alors que les sédatifs anxiolytiques (méprobamate, benzodiazépines), aux effets plus limités, n'ont été que peu utilisés. L'absence d'études expérimentales suffisamment précises ne permet pas toujours de déterminer quels sont les facteurs responsables des variations rapportées dans l'activité des médicaments testés. Des travaux systématiques portant sur l'efficacité biologique et pratique de ces substances ont donc été réalisés et quelques exemples d'applications présentes et potentielles sont donnés.

Riassunto

Si sono utilizzati tranquillanti per aumentare le qualità zootechniche degli allevamenti, per prevenire gli effetti aggressivi del trasporto, del raggruppamento, del cambiamento di ambiente o per controllare i comportamenti anormali, quali i combattimenti tra animali. A questo scopo sono stati impiegati principalmente i neurolettici (derivati della fenotiazina, la reserpina, i butirofenoni, mentre i sedativi ansiolitici (meprobamato, benzodiazepine), con effetti più limitati, sono stati impiegati più raramente. L'assenza di studi sperimentali sufficientemente precisi, non sempre permette di determinare quali siano i fattori responsabili delle variazioni dell'azione dei medicinali presi in esame. Si sono eseguiti lavori sistematici per studiare l'efficacia biologica e pratica di queste sostanze e si riportano esempi delle applicazioni attuali e potenziali.

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This article was originally written in French. Copies of the French version may be obtained, free of charge, by writing to: Mr. J. Rodesch, Commission of the European Communities, DG XIII, Bâtiment Jean Monnet, Rue Alcide de Gasperi, Kirchberg, Luxembourg.

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Dantzer, R. New aspects of the use of tranquillizers in animal husbandry, with particular reference to pigs. Vet Res Commun 1, 161–169 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02267646

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