Abstract
When freshly drawn, heparinized human whole blood is incubated with 50μM calcium ionophore A23187, platelets are stimulated to produce thromboxane B2 (TxB2) by activation of prostaglandin G/H synthase-1 (PGHS-1). TxB2 concentration, as measured by immunoassay, is maximal at 20–30 min and declines thereafter. Addition of acetylsalicylic acid (IC50=2.8μM) or other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 15 min or 4.5 h prior to 30 min stimulation with ionophore results in concentration dependent inhibition of TxB2 production. When blood is incubated with 0.01–10 μg/ml E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), PGHS-2 is induced and TxB2 levels become detectable at 3h and continue to increase through 24 h. Using a 5 h incubation with 10 μg/ml LPS, aspirin (10 μM added at 0 h), which is rapidly metabolized to salicylic acid, had no effect on 10 μg/ml LPS-induced TxB2, but inhibited TxB2 production by ionophore A23187 added at 4.5 h, through acetylation of preexisting PGHS-1. In a 5 h assay, NSAIDs added at 0 h were compared for inhibition of TxB2 production stimulated by addition of ionophore A23187 at 4.5 h (PGHS-1), or by addition of LPS at 0 h (PGHS-2). Most NSAIDs were more potent against PGHS-1 than PGHS-2. Diclofenac, naproxen and flufenamic acid were equipotent or slightly selective for PGHS-2. Diffunisal and nimesulide were >4-fold selective for PGHS-2, and NS-398 was >30-fold selective for PGHS-2.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- PGHS-1 and-2:
-
prostaglandin G/H synthase-1 and-2 TxB2, thromboxane B2
- LPS:
-
lipopolysaccharide
- NSAID:
-
nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug
- PGE2 :
-
prostaglandin E2
References
Fu JY, Masferrer JL, Seibert K, Raz A, Needleman P. The induction and suppression of prostaglandin H2 synthase (cyclooxygenase) in human monocytes. J Biol Chem 1990; 265:16737–40.
Xie W, Chipman JG, Robertson DL, Erikson RL, Simmons DL. Expression of a mitogen-responsive gene encoding prostaglandin synthase is regulated by m-RNA splicing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88:2692–6.
Kujubu DA, Fletcher BS, Varnum BC, Lim RW, Herschman HR. TIS10, a phorbol ester tumor promoter-inducible mRNA from Swiss 3T3 cells, encodes a novel prostaglandin synthase/ cyclooxygenase homologue. J Biol Chem 1991;266:12866–72.
O'Banion MK, Sadowski HB, Winn V, Young DA. A serumand glucocorticoid-regulated 4-kilobase mRNA encodes a cyclooxygenase related protein. J Biol Chem 1991;266:23261–7.
Sirois J, Richards JS. Purification and characterization of a novel, distinct isoform of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase induced by human chorionic gonadotropin in granulosa cells of rat preovulatory follicles. J Biol Chem 1992;267:6382–8.
Hla T, Neilson K. Human cyclooxygenase-2 cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992;89:7384–8.
Fletcher BS, Kujubu DA, Perrin DM, Herschman HR. Structure of the mitogen-inducible TIS10 gene and demonstration that the TIS10-encoded protein is a functional prostaglandin G/H synthase. J Biol Chem 1992;267:4338–44.
Holtzman MJ, Turk J, Shornick LP. Identification of a pharmacologically distinct prostaglandin H synthase in cultured epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 1992;267:21438–45.
Feng L, Sun W, Xia Y, Tang WW, Chanmugam P, Soyoola E, et al. Cloning two isoforms of rat cyclooxygenase: differential regulation of their expression. Arch Biochem Biophys 1993; 307:361–8.
Meade EA, Smith WL, DeWitt DL. Differential inhibition of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (cyclooxygenase) isozymes by aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Biol Chem 1993;268:6610–4.
Mitchell JA, Akarasereenont P, Thiemermann C, Flower RJ, Vane JR. Selectivity of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs as inhibitors of constitutive and inducible cyclooxygenase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:11693–7.
Klein T, Nusing RM, Pfeilschifter J, Ullrich V. Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2. Biochem Pharmacol 1994;48: 1605–10.
Seibert K, Masferrer J, Zhang Y, Leahy K, Hauser S, Gierse J, et al. Expression and selective inhibition of constitutive and inducible forms of cyclooxygenase. Adv in Prostagland, Throbm Leukotr Res 1995;23:125–7.
Barnett J, Chow J, Ives D, Chiou M, MacKenzie R, Osen E, et al. Purification, characterization and selective inhibition of human prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 and 2 expressed in the baculovirus system. Biochim Biophys Acta 1994;1209:120–9.
Laneuville O, Breuer DK, DeWitt DL, Hla T, Funk CD, Smith WL. Differential inhibition of human prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases-1 and-2 by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. J Pharmacol Exptl Therap 1994;271:927–34.
Grossman CJ, Wiseman J, Lucas FS, Trevethick MA, Birch PJ. Inhibition of constitutive and inducible cyclooxygenase activity in human platelets and mononuclear cells by NSAIDs and Cox2 inhibitors. Inflamm Res 1995;44:253–7.
Glaser K, Sung ML, O'Neill K, Belfast M, Hartman D, Carlson R, et al. Etodolac selectively inhibits human prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PGHS-2) versus human PGHS-1. Eur J Pharmacol 1995;281:107–11.
Glaser KB, Lock YW, Sung ML, Belfast M, Hartman D, Zimmerman J, et al. Evaluation of marketed NSAIDs for cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 activity using recombinant human enzymes and human whole blood. Inflamm Res 1995;44 Suppl 3:S276.
Kulmacz RJ, Lands WEM. Stoichiometry and kinetics of the interaction of prostaglandin H synthase with anti-inflammatory agents. J Biol Chem 1985;260:12572–8.
Walenga RW, Wall SF, Setty BNY, Stuart MJ: Time-dependent inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase by indomethacin is slowly reversible. Prostaglandins 1986;31:625–37.
Sweeney FJ, Eskra JD, Ernest MJ, Carty TJ. Spectrophotometric monitoring of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathway activity using ionophore stimulated whole blood. Agents Actions 1987;21:393–6.
Nusing R, Ullrich V. Regulation of cyclooxygenase and thromboxane synthase in human monocytes. Eur J Biochem 1992;206:131–6.
Hempel SL, Monick MM, Hunninghake GW. Lipopolysaccharide induces prostaglandin H synthase-2 prortein and m-RNA in human alveolar macrophages and blood monocytes. J Clin Invest 1994;93:391–6.
Patrignani P, Panara MR, Greco A, Fusco O, Natoli C, Iacobelli S, et al. Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of the cycloxygenase activity of human blood prostaglandin endoperoxide synthases. J Pharmacol Exptl Ther 1994; 271:1705–12.
Futaki N, Takahishi S, Yokoyama M, Arai I, Higuchi S, Otomo S. NS-398, a novel anti-inflammatory agent, selectively inhibits prostaglandinG/H synthase/cyclooxygenase (COX-2) activity in vitro. Prostaglandins 1994;47:55–9.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
acceped by G. W. Carter
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Young, J.M., Panah, S., Satchawatcharaphong, C. et al. Human whole blood assays for inhibition of prostaglandin G/H synthases-1 and-2 using A23187 and lipopolysaccharide stimulation of thromboxane B2 production. Inflamm Res 45, 246–253 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02259611
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02259611