Abstract
The root-lesion nematodes are important pests attacking stone and pome fruit crops throughout the world. They play an important role in the development of orchard replant problems. Host resistance toPratylenchus vulnus, the nematode of concern in mediterranean environments, has been difficult to find, and even more, to transmit into commercial rootstocks. Alternative management measures using early mycorrhizal infection that would confer protection against the nematode at a stage when plants are most vulnerable are currently being explored. These measures are considered important, taking into account a widespread change towards production systems that use in vitro material propagated in treated substrates free of mycorrhizal and other beneficial microorganisms. The prophylactic effect against root-lesion nematodes would be linked to mycorrhizal dependency of the host plant. Increase in tolerance would seem to be related to mycorrhiza assisted nutrition rather than to a direct suppressive effect of AM over the root-lesion nematode. InCitrus, Prunus, Malus andCydonia rootstocks, the nematode has shown to have a negative effect over AM colonization in the root.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baltruschat H 1987 Field inoculation of maize with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi by using expanded clay as carrier material for mycorrhiza. J. Plant Dis. Protect. 94, 419–430.
Calvet C, Pinochet J, Camprubí A and Fernández C 1995 Increased tolerance to the root-lesion nematodePratylenchus vulnus in mycorrhizal micropropagated BA-29 quince rootstock. Mycorrhiza 5, 253–258.
Camprubí A, Pinochet J, Calvet C and Estaún V 1993 Effects of the root-lesion nematodePratylenchus vulnus and the vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungusGlomus mosseae on the growth of three plum rootstocks. Plant and Soil 153, 223–229.
Cooper K M. 1984 Physiology of VA mycorrhizal associations.In VA Mycorrhiza. Eds. C L Powell and D J Bagyaraj. pp 155–186. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
Culver D J, Ramming D W and McKenry M V 1989 Procedures for field and greenhouse screening ofPrunus genotypes for resistance and tolerance to root-lesion nematode. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 114, 30–35.
Esmenjaud D, Minot J C, Voisin R, Pinochet P and Salesses G. 1994. Inter and intraspecific variability in plum, peach and peach-almond rootstocks using 22 root-knot nematode populations. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 119, 94–100.
Estaún V, Calvet C and Camprubí A 1994 Arbuscular mycorrhizae and growth enhancement of micropropagatedPrunus rootstock in different soilless potting mixes. Agric. Sci. Finland 3, 263–267.
Felipe A J 1989 Patrones para Frutales de Pepita y Hueso. Ediciones Técnicas Europeas, SA, Barcelona, Spain. 181 p.
Fernández C, Pinochet J and Dolcet R 1992 Host-parasite relationship ofPratylenchus vulnus on apple and pear rootstocks. Nematropica 22, 227–236.
Fernández C, Pinochet J, Esmenjaud D, Salesses G and Felipe F 1994 Relative resistance among newPrunus rootstocks and selections to root-knot nematodes from Spain and France. HortScience 29, 1064–1067.
Francl L J 1993 Interactions of nematodes with mycorrhizae and mycorrhizal fungi.In Nematode Interactions. Ed. M W Khan. pp 203–216. Chapman and Hall, London.
Gerdemann J W 1968 Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza and plant growth. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 6, 396–418.
Hayman D S 1982 The physiology of vesicular-arbuscular endomy-corrhizal symbiosis. Can. J. Bot. 6, 944–963.
Hussey R S and Roncadori R W 1982 Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae may limit nematode activity and improve plant growth. Plant Dis. 66, 9–14.
Ingham R E 1988 Interactions between nematodes and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae. Agric. Ecosys. Environ. 24, 169–182.
Jaizme M and Azcón R 1995 Response of some tropical and subtropical cultures to endomycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhiza 5, 213–217.
Jones J B, Benjamin W and Mills H A 1991 Plant Analysis Handbook. 1. Methods of Plant Analysis and Interpretation. Micro-Macro Publishing, Athens, GA, USA. 213 p.
Lamberti F 1981 Plant nematode problems in the Mediterranean region. Helminthological Abstr. Ser. B, Plant Nematol. 50, 145–166.
Ledbetter C L and Shonnard R 1991 Evaluation ofPrunus germplasm for resistance to lesion nematode (Pratylenchus vulnus). HortScience 26, 709.
Ledbetter C L 1994. Techniques for screeningPrunus rootstocks for resistance toPratylenchus vulnus. In Stone Fruit Tree Decline. Eds. A P Nyczepir, P F Bertrand and T G Beckman. pp 34–36. Sixth Workshop Proceedings. New Insights and Alternative Management Strategies. Fort Valley, Georgia October 26–28, 1992. USDA-ARS, ARS-122, GA, USA.
Mai W F and Abawi G S 1981 Controllig replant disease of pome and stone fruits in Northern United States by preplant fumigation. Plant Dis. 65, 859–864.
McElroy F D 1972 Nematodes of tree fruits and small fruits.In Economic Nematology. Eds. J M Webster. pp 335–376. Academic Press, London, UK.
Nemec S 1987 Va mycorrhiza in horticultural systems.In Ecophysiology of VA Mycorrhizal Plants. Ed. G R Safir. pp 193–211. CRC Presss, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
Nemec S and Ferguson J J 1985 A fluid drilling applicator for applying VAM in the fieldIn Proceedings of the 6th NACOM. Ed. R E Molina. p 244. Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA.
Nyczepir A P 1991. Nematode management strategies in stone fruits in the United States. J. Nematol. 23, 334–341.
Nyczepir A P and Halbrendt J M 1993 Nematode pests of decidious fruit and nut trees.In Plant Parasitic Nematodes in temperate Agriculture. Eds. K Evans D J Trudgill and J M Webster. pp 381–425. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
O'Bannon J H and Nemec S 1979 The response ofCitrus limon seedlings to a symbiont,Glomus etunicatus and a pathogen,Radopholus similis. J. Nematol. 11, 270–275.
Pinochet J, Verdejo S and Marull J 1991 Host suitability of eightPrunus spp. and onePyrus communis rootstocks toPratylenchus vulnus, P. neglectus andP. thornei. j. Nematol. 23, 570–575.
Pinochet J, Verdejo S, Soler A and Canals J 1992 Host range of the lesion nematodePratytlenchus vulnus in commercial fruit, nut tree, citrus and grape rootstocks in Spain. J. Nematol. 24, 693–698.
Pinochet J, Marull J, Rodríguez-Kabana R, Felipe A and Fernández C 1993a Pathogenicity ofPratylenchus vulnus on plum rootstocks. Fund. Appl. Nematol. 16, 375–380.
Pinochet J, Camprubí A and Calvet C 1993b Effects of the root-lesion nematodePratylenchus vulnus and the mycorrhizal fungusGlomus mosseae on the growth of EMLA-26 apple rootstock. Mycorrhiza 4, 79–83.
Pinochet J, Calvet C, Camprubí A and Fernández C 1995a Growth and nutritional response of Nemared peach rootstock infected withPratylenchus vulnus and the mycorrhizal fungusGlomus mosseae. Fund. Appl. Nematol. 17, 205–210.
Pinochet J, Calvet C, Camprubí A and Fernández C 1995b Interaction between the root-lesion nematodePratylenchus vulnus and the mycorrhizal association ofGlomus intraradices and Santa Lucia 64 cherry rootstock. Plant and Soil 170, 323–329.
Ratnayake M, Leonard R T and Menge J A 1978 Root exudation in relation to supply of phosphorus and its possible relevance to mycorrhizal formation. New Phytol. 81, 543–552.
Roberts P A 1992 Current status of the availability, development, and use of host plant resistance to nematodes. J. Nematol. 24, 213–227.
Scotto La Massese C 1975 Tests d'hôtes de quelques porte-greffe et variétés fruitières à l'égard dePratylenchus vulnus Allen et Jensen. Comp. Rend. Acad. Agric. France. 61, 1088–1095.
Scotto la Massese C 1989 Les problèmes posés par les nématodes phytophages à l'amandier.In Options Méditerranéennes. Eds. A J Felipe and R Socías. pp 33–38. Séminaire du GREMPA sur les porte-greffe de l'Amandier. CIHEAM, Zaragoza, Spain.
Sieverding E 1991 Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza management in tropical agrosystems. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH. Technical Cooperation-Federal Republic of Germany, Eschborn 1991. 371 p.
Sikora R A and Carter W W 1987. Nematode interactions with fungal and bacterial plant pathogens-fact or fantasy.In Vistas on Nematology. Eds. J A Veech and D W Dickson. pp 307–312. Society of Nematologists, Inc. Hyattsville, MD, USA.
Smith G S 1987. Interactions of nematodes with mycorrhizal fungi.In Vistas on Nematology. Eds. J A Veech and D W Dickson. pp 292–300. Society of Nematologist, Inc. Hyattsville, MD, USA.
Smith G S 1988 The role of phosphorus nutrition in interactions of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with soilborne nematodes and fungi. Phytopathol. 78, 371–374.
Smith G S and Kaplan D T 1988 Influence of mycorrhizal fungus, phosphorus, and burrowing nematode interactions on growth of rough lemon citrus seedlings. J. Nematol. 20, 539–544.
Stroebel N E, Hussey, R H and Roncadori R W 1982 Interactions of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,Meloidogyne incognita, and soil fertility on peach. Phytopathology 72, 690–694.
Trudgill D L 1991 Resistance and tolerance of plant parasitic nematodes in plants. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 29, 167–192.
Wallace H R 1987 Effects of nematode parasite on photosynthesis.In Vistas on Nematology. Eds. J A Veech and D W Dickson. pp 253–259. Society of Nematologists, Inc., Hyattsville, MD, USA.
Umesh K C, Krishnappa K and Bagyaraj D J 1988 Interaction of burrowing nematodeRadophulus similis (Cobb 1893) Thorne 1949 and VA mycorrhiza,Glomus fasciculatum (Thaxt) Gerd and Trappe in banana (Musa acuminata Colla.). Indian J. Nematol. 18, 6–11.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pinochet, J., Calvet, C., Camprubí, A. et al. Interactions between migratory endoparasitic nematodes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in perennial crops: A review. Plant Soil 185, 183–190 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02257523
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02257523