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The finite element method for elliptic equations with discontinuous coefficients

Die Methode der finiten Elemente für elliptische Gleichungen mit diskontinuierlichen Koeffizienten

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Summary

Numerical solutions of boundary value problems for elliptic equations with discontinuous coefficients are of special interest. In the case when the interface (i.e. the surface of the discontinuity of the coefficients) is smooth enough, then also the solution is usually very smooth (except on the interface). To obtain a high order of accuracy presents some difficulty, especially if the interface does not fit with the elements (in the finite element method). In this case the norm of the error in the spaceW1/2 is of the orderh 1/2 (see e.g. [1]) and on one dimensional case it is easy to see that the accuracy cannot be improved. In this paper we shall show an approach which avoids this difficulty. The idea is similar to [2]. We shall show the proposed approach on a model problem — theDirichlet problem with an interface forLaplace equation; this will avoid pure technical difficulties. The boundary of the domain and the interface will be assumed smooth enough. The sufficient condition for the smoothnees can be determined.

Zusammenfassung

Numerische Lösungen von Randwertproblemen elliptischer Gleichungen mit diskontinuierlichen Koeffizienten sind von besonderem Interesse. In jenem Fall, wo die „Sprungfläche” (d. h. die Fläche der Sprungstelle der Koeffizienten) genügend glatt ist, ist auch die Lösung normalerweise glatt (außer auf der „Sprungfläche” selbst). Es bereitet einige Schwierigkeiten, einen hohen Grad von Genauigkeit zu erzielen, speziell, wenn die „Sprungstelle” nicht mit den Elementen zusammenfällt (in der Methode der finiten Elemente). In diesem Fall liegt die Norm des Fehlers in dem RaumW1/2 in der Größenordnung vonh 1/2 (siehe z. B. [1]) und im eindimensionalen Fall kann man leicht erkennen, daß die Genauigkeit nicht verbessert werden kann. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Weg (ähnlich [2]) gezeigt, welcher diese Schwierigkeit vermeidet. Der vorgeschlagene Weg wird an einem Modellfall erläutert — dasDirichlet-Problem mit einer Sprungfläche für dieLaplace-Gleichung; dadurch werden rein technische Schwierigkeiten vermieden. Die Randfläche und die „Sprungfläche” werden glatt genug angenommen. Eine hinreichende Bedingung für die Glattheit kann angegeben werden.

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References

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Dedicated to Professor Dr.L. Collatz on the occasion of his 60th birthday

This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant NSF-GP 7844.

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Babuška, I. The finite element method for elliptic equations with discontinuous coefficients. Computing 5, 207–213 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02248021

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