Abstract
Experiment 1 demonstrated that pairings of the opiate antagonist, naloxone, with a heated floor came to induce analgesia, as indexed by the latencies with which rats licked their paws. This analgesia appears to be neurally mediated because it is unaffected by either hypophysectomy (experiment 2) or adrenalectomy (experiment 3). However, there was evidence for a pituitary involvement, as its removal potentiated the analgesic effect accruing from naloxone-stressor pairings.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akil H, Madden J, Patrick RL, Barchas JD (1976) Stress-induced increase in endogenous opiate peptides: Concurrent analgesia and its partial reversal by naloxone. In: Kosterlitz HW (ed) Opiates and endogenous opioid peptides. Amsterdam, North Holland, pp 63–70
Amir S, Amit Z (1979) The pituitary gland mediates acute and chronic pain responsiveness in stressed and non-stressed rats. Life Sci 24:439–448
Blumberg H, Wolf PS, Dayton HB (1965) Use of the writhing test for evaluating analgesic activity of narcotic antagonists. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 118:763
Bodnar RJ, Glusman M, Brutus M, Spiaggia A, Kelly DD (1979) Analgesia induced by cold-water stress: attenuation following hypophysectomy. Physiol Behav 23:53–62
Buckingham JC, Hodges JR (1974) Interrelationships of pituitary and plasma corticosterone in adrenalectomized and stressed, adrenalectomized rats. J Endocrinol 63:213–222
Cox GS, Hodges JR, Vernikos J (1958) The effect of adrenalectomy on the circulating level of adrenocorticotrophic hormone in the rat. J Endocrinol 17:177–180
Everitt AV, Cavanagh LM (1965) The aging process in the hypophysectomized rat. Gerontologia 11:198
Gispen WH, Buitelaar J, Wiegant VM, Terenius L, De Wied D (1976) Interaction between ACTH fragments, brain opiate receptors and morphine-induced analgesia. Eur J Pharmacol 39:393–397
Glusman M, Bodnar RJ, Kelly DD, Sirio C, Stern J, Zimmerman EZ (1979) Attenuation of stress-induced analgesia by anterior hypophysectomy in the rat. Soc Neurosci Abstr 5:609
Greeley JD, Westbrook RF (1990) Some effects of exposure to a heat stressor upon the rat's subsequent reactions to that stressor. Q J Exp Psychol (in press)
Greeley JD, Le AD, Poulos CX, Cappell H (1988) “Paradoxical” analgesia induced by naloxone and naltrexone. Psychopharmacology 96:36–39
Guillemin R, Vargo TM, Rossier J, Minick S, Ling N, Rivier C, Vale W, Bloom F (1977)β-Endorphin and adrenocorticotrophin are secreted concomitantly by the pituitary gland. Science 197:1367–1369
Hays WL (1972) Statistics for the social sciences. Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New York
Hayes RL, Bennett GJ, Newlon PG, Mayer DJ (1978) Behavioral and physiological studies of non narcotic analgesia in the rat elicited by certain environmental stimuli. Brain Res 155:69–90
Heybach JP, Vernikos-Danellis J (1978) The effect of pituitary adrenal function on pain sensitivity in the rat. J Physiol 283:331–340
Jouhaneau-Bowers M, Le Magnen J (1979) ACTH self-administration in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 10:325–328
Lewis JW, Cannon JT, Liebeskind JC (1980) Opioid and nonopioid mechanisms of stress analgesia. Science 208:623–625
Lewis JW, Chudler EH, Cannon JT, Liebeskind JC (1981) Hypophysectomy differentially affects morphine and stress analgesia. Proc West Pharmacol Soc 24:323–326
Maier SF, Drugan RC, Grau JW (1982) Controllability, coping behavior and stress-induced analgesia in the rat. Pain 12:47–56
MacLennan AJ, Drugan RC, Hyson RL, Maier SF, Madden IV J, Barchas JD (1982) Corticosterone: a critical factor in an opioid form of stress-induced analgesia. Science 215:1530–1532
Marshall GR (1987) Surgical techniques of hypophysectomy, adrenalectomy and castration. In: Hingtgen JN, Hellhammer D, Huppmann G (eds) Advanced methods in psychobiology. CJ Hogrefe, Lewiston NY, Inc, pp 67–72
Pearl J, Harris LS (1966) Inhibition of writhing by narcotic antagonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 154:319–323
Pomeranz B, Cheng R, Law P (1977) Acupuncture reduces electrophysiological and behavioral responses to noxious stimuli: pituitary is implicated. Exp Neurol 54:172–178
Rochford J, Stewart J (1987) Activation and expression of endogenous pain control mechanisms in rats given repeated nociceptive tests under the influence of naloxone. Behav Neurosci 101:87–103
Rodger RS (1967) Type II errors and their decision basis. Br J Math Stat Psychol 20:187–204
Rossier J, French EP, Rivier C, Shibasaki T, Guillemin R, Bloom FE (1980) Stress-induced release of prolactin: blockade by dexamethasone and naloxone may indicateβ-endorphin mediation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:666
Terenius L, Gispen WH, De Wied D (1975) ACTH-like peptides and opiate receptors in the rat brain: structure activity studies. Eur J Pharmacol 33:395–399
Terman GW, Shavit Y, Lewis JW, Cannon JT, Liebeskind JC (1984) Intrinsic mechanisms of pain inhibition: activation by stress. Science 226:1270–1277
Tung AS, Yaksh TL (1982) In vivo evidence for multiple opiate receptors mediating analgesia in the rat spinal cord. Brain Res 247:75–83
Watkins LR, Mayer DJ (1982) Organization of endogenous opiate and nonopiate pain control systems. Science 216:1185–1192
Watkins LR, Cobelli DA, Newsome HH, Mayer DJ (1982) Foot-shock induced analgesia is dependent neither on pituitary nor sympathetic activation. Brain Res 245:81–96
Westbrook RF, Greeley JD (1990) Some effects of the opioid antagonist, naloxone, upon the rat's reaction to a heat stressor. Q J Exp Psychol 42B:1–40
Wiegant VM, Gispen WH, Terenius L, De Wied D (1977) ACTH-like peptides and morphine: interaction at the level of the CNS. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2:63–69
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Foo, H., Westbrook, R.F. Effects of hypophysectomy and adrenalectomy on naloxone-induced analgesia. Psychopharmacology 103, 177–182 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02244200
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02244200