Abstract
The present study compared for the first morning cigarettes CO and nicotine absorption as well as the effects on EEG and peripheral functions across a period of 90 min. Eighteen smokers participated in two sessions, one in which they smoked two cigarettes in succession and another in which they smoked three cigarettes at 30-min intervals. Smoking two cigarettes in succession produced a particularly wide range in nicotine absorption so that the subjects could be grouped into high (HN) and low (LN) nicotine absorbers, differing significantly in their CO and nicotine absorption. The smoking-induced cardioacceleration was greater and lasted longer in the HN than in the LN group. While the dominant alpha frequency increased to a significant extent in the HN group only, beta power increased in both groups, alpha power remained unaffected, theta power decreased in the HN group only and the effects on heart rate, dominant alpha frequency and beta power were significantly correlated with nicotine absorption across both groups. Smoking three cigarettes at 30-min intervals produced qualitatively similar but generally smaller effects. However, neither nicotine uptake nor any of the physiological parameters showed differential developments between the two groups, except the dominant alpha frequency, which increased in the HN group only. The development of acute tolerance to smoking across three cigarettes was observed only for finger vasoconstriction, craving to smoke and sickness after smoking, but not for cardioacceleration or any EEG parameters.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Benowitz NL, Jacob P, III (1985) Nicotine renal excretion rate influences nicotine intake during cigarette smoking. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 234:153–155
Benowitz NL, Jacob P, III, Jones RT, Rosenberg J (1982) Interindividual variability in the metabolism and cardiovascular effects of nicotine in man. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 221:368–372
Bortz S (1989) Statistik für Sozialwissenschaftler, 3. Aufl. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Daenens P, Laruelle L, Callewaert K, De Schepper P, Galeazzi R, Van Rossum J (1985) Quantitative analysis of cotinine in biological fluids by capillary gaschromatography — mass spectrometry — selected ion monitoring. J Chromatogr 342:79–87
Davis RA (1986) The determination of nicotine and cotinine in plasma. J Chromatogr Sci 24:134–141
Feyerabend C, Russell MAH (1980) Rapid gas-liquid chromatographic determination of cotinine in biological fluids. Analyst 105:998
Feyerabend C, Ings RMJ, Russell MAH (1985) Nicotine pharmacokinetics and its application to intake from smoking. Br J Clin Pharmacol 19:449–456
Geddes LA, Voelz MH, Babbs CF, Bourland JD, Tacker WA (1981) Pulse transit time as an indicator of arterial blood pressure. Psychophysiology 18:71–74
Golding JF (1988) Effects of cigarette smoking on resting EEG, visual evoked potentials and photic driving. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 29:23–32
Golding J, Mangan GL (1982) Arousing and de-arousing effects of cigarette smoking under conditions of stress and mild sensory isolation. Psychophysiology 19:449–456
Hasenfratz M, Michel C, Nil R, Bättig K (1989a) Can smoking increase attention in rapid information processing during noise? Electrocortical, physiological and behavioral effects. Psychopharmacology 98:75–80
Hasenfratz M, Pfiffner D, Pellaud K, Bättig K (1989b) Postlunch smoking for pleasure seeking or arousal maintenance? Pharmacol Biochem Behav 34:631–639
Hopkins R, Wood LE, Sinclair NM (1984) Evaluation of methods to estimate cigarette uptake. Clin Pharmacol Ther 36:788–795
Knott VJ (1988) Dynamic EEG changes during cigarette smoking. Neuropsychobiology 19:54–60
Knott VJ, Venables PH (1977) EEG alpha correlates of nonsmokers, smokers, smoking and smoking deprivation. Psychophysiology 14:150–156
Knott VJ, Venables PH (1979) EEG alpha correlates of alcohol consumption in smokers and nonsmokers. J Stud Alcohol 40:247–257
Nil R, Bättig K (1989) Separate effects of cigarette smoke yield and smoke taste on smoking behavior. Psychopharmacology 99:54–59
Nil R, Buzzi R, Bättig K (1986) Effects of different cigarette smoke yields on puffing and inhalation: is the measurement of inhalation volumes relevant for smoke absorption? Pharmacol Biochem Behav 24:587–595
Nil R, Woodson PP, Bättig K (1987) Effects of smoking deprivation on smoking behavior and heart rate response in high and low CO absorbing smokers. Psychopharmacology 92:465–469
Pickworth WB, Herning RI, Henningfield JE (1986) Electroencephalographic effects of nicotine chewing gum in humans. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 25:879–882
Rosenberg J, Benowitz NL, Jacob P, Wilson KM (1980) Disposition kinetics and effects of intravenous nicotine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 28: 517–522
Russell MAH, Feyerabend C (1978) Cigarette smoking: a dependence on high-nicotine boli. Drug Metab Rev 8:29–57
Schievelbein H (1982) Nicotine, resorption and fate. Pharmacol Ther 18:233–248
Spaiser LH (1977) An infra-red photoplethysmograph coupler. Psychophysiology 14:75–77
Verebey KG, De Pace A, Mule SJ, Kanzler M, Jaffe JH (1982) A rapid, quantitative GLC method for the simultaneous determination of nicotine and cotinine. J Anal Toxicol 6:294–296
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hasenfratz, M., Nil, R. & Bättig, K. Development of central and peripheral smoking effects over time. Psychopharmacology 101, 359–365 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02244054
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02244054