Summary
During a survey of Southern Darfur Province, Sudan blood samples from over 4,000 migratory cattle were analysed to determine levels of anaemia and trypanosome parasitaemia by buffy coat examination of microhaematocrit centrifuged samples. Levels of trypanosomal infections in the herds correlated well with their risk of exposure to tsetse being significantly lower at increasing distance from tsetse foci.Trypanosoma vivax infections predominated in all herds, increasingly so with increasing distance from tsetse foci. Packed cell volume values could not be used to assist in trypanosome diagnosis at either individual or herd levels and the lack of correlation between anaemia and parasitaemia is suggested as evidence of a degree of trypanosomal tolerance in the Western Baggara cattle. Drug use and problems of drug resistance are discussed. Bovine trypanosomiasis is largely under control at present but requires continued surveillance (particularly of drug use) to prevent future problems as tsetse/cattle interactions increase.
Résumé
A l'occasion d'une enquête au Soudan méridional, les échantillons de sang provenant de plus de 4000 bovins migratoires ont été examinés par la méthode de microhématocrite/contraste de phase pour déterminer les niveaux d'anémie et de parasitémie dues aux trypanosomes. Les niveaux d'infestation par les trypanosomes dans les troupeaux étaient en bonne corrélation avec le risque de'exposition aux glossines, étant significativement plus faibles à distance des foyers de glossines. Les infestations àT. vivax prédominaient dans tous les troupeaux s'accroissant avec l'éloignement des sites à glossines. Les valeurs de l'hématocrite n'ont pas pu être employées pour aider au diagnostic au niveau individuel ou à celui du troupeau et le manque de corrélation entre anémie et parasitémie est suggéré comme préuve d'un certain niveau de trypanotolérance chez les bovins Baggara de l'Ouest. L'emploi des médicaments et la chimio-résistance sont discutés. La trypanosomose bovine est considérée comme largement contrôlée à l'heure actuelle mais nécessite une surveillance continue (particulièrement de la chimiothérapie) pour éviter les difficultés à venir lorsque les intéractions glossines/bovins s'accroítront.
Resumen
Se examinaron mediante la prueba serológica de microhematocrito/contraste de fase, más de 4.000 muestras de sangre de ganado migratorios, en el Sudeste de Darfur, Sudan, con el propósito de detectar anémia y parasitémia. Los niveles de infección encontrados, correlacionaron bien con el riesgo de exposición del ganado a la mosca tsetse. La infección porTripanosoma vivax predominó en todos los grupos de animales examinados. El volumen corpuscular medio, no pudo utilizarse para el diagnóstico, debido al grado de tolerancia a la tripanosomiasis exhibida por el ganado Baggara. Los valores de anémia y parasitémia no coincidieron. Se discuten las drogas usadas y los problemas de resistencia a las mismas. La tripanosomiasis bovina está bajo relativo control en Darfur, pero la situación amerita programas de reconocimiento contínuos, debido a que la interacción tsetse/ganado tiende a incrementarse.
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Hall, M.J.R., Kheir, S.M., Rahman, A.H.A. et al. Tsetse and trypanosomiasis survey of southern darfur province, Sudan. Trop Anim Health Prod 15, 191–206 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02242056
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02242056