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Survey of pesticides used in the control of ectoparasites of farm animals in Ghana

Enquete Sur Les Pesticides Employes Pour La Lutte Contre Les Ectoparasites Des Animaux En Elevage Fermier Au Ghana

Un Estudio De Pesticidas Utilizados En El Control De Ectoparasitos En Animales De Granja En Gana

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Summary

A study to identify the various types of pesticides used on farm animals in Ghana for the control of ectoparasites was conducted in 1989. Eleven organisations involved with pesticide use were questioned. Thirty organised farms and 110 kraals distributed throughout the 10 regions of Ghana were visited.

Twenty different pesticides were in use. Of these 45% were organophosphates, 30% were synthetic pyrethroids, 15% were carbamates and 10% organochlorines. The most widely distributed and used pesticide was an organochlorine (lindane), which accounted for 35% of those used on farms and 85% used by herdsmen. The most popular mode of application was by hand dressing. No withdrawal periods before slaughter or sale of milk for consumption were practised.

The implications of these findings in the light of possible emergence of pesticide resistance and health hazards are discussed.

Résumé

Les auteurs décrivent une étude réalisée en 1989 pour identifier les divers types de pesticides utilisés en élevage fermier dans la lutte contre les ectoparasites du bétail au Ghana. Des questionnaires ont été envoyés à 11 organismes concernés par leur emploi: 30 fermes individualisées et 110 kraals répartis sur 10 régions du Ghana ont été visités. Vingt pesticides de marques différentes ont été utilisés. Parmi eux, 40 p. 100 comportaient des organophosphatés, 30 p. 100 des pyréthrinoides de synthèse, 15 p. 100 des carbamates et 10 p. 100 des organochlorés. Le pesticide le plus largment répandu et utilisé était un organochloré, le lindane, qui représentait 35 p. 100 des pesticides employés dans les fermes et 85 p. 100 chez les éleveurs traditionnels. La technique d'utilisation la plus courante était l'application manuelle. Aucun arrêt avant l'abattage ou la vente du lait pour la consommation n'était pratiqué. Les auteurs discutent les implications de ces résultats, à la lumière d'une possible apparition d'une résistance aux pesticides et des risques encourus pour la santé.

Resumen

Se realizó un estudio en 1989 para identificar los diferentes tipos de pesticidas utilizados para controlar parásitos externos, en animales de granja en Gana. Se encuestaron 11 organizaciones involucradas en el uso de pesticidas. Se visitaron 30 granjas organizadas y 110 unidades pastoriles, en las 10 regiones ganaderas del país. Veinte pesticidas diferentes estaban en uso. De estos, 40% eran organofosforados, 30% piretroides sintéticos, 15% fueron carbamatos y 10% organoclorinados. El pesticida más usado fue un organoclorinado (lindane), el cual constituyó el 35% de los pesticidas utilizados en las granjas y el 85% de los utilizados por los pastores. El método de aplicación más popular fue a mano. No se tuvo en cuenta período alguno de retiro del pesticida, antes de la matanza para venta de carne, o para la venta de leche. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos hallazgos, en relación a la posible emergencia de resistencia a los pesticidas y a los riesgos para la salud.

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Awumbila, B., Bokuma, E. Survey of pesticides used in the control of ectoparasites of farm animals in Ghana. Trop Anim Health Prod 26, 7–12 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02241125

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