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Étude démographique annuelle des sociétés deMyrmica rubra L. des environs de Bruxelles

Annual demographic study ofMyrmica rubra L. societies from the neighbourhood of Bruxelles

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Résumé

Une étude démographique des sociétés deMyrmica rubra L. fut menée durant deux ans afin de préciser l'âge des individus.

Un nid est récolté chaque mois (tableau I). Les pourcentages de nymphes, d'imagos et d'ouvrières présentant 5 degrés successifs de pigmentation cuticulaire (Cammaerts-Tricot, 1974a) sont déterminés (fig. 2). Un examen biométrique du couvain (fig. 3) et de certaines ouvrières (tableau II) complète et confirme nos premières observations.

De juin à novembre, deux séries plus ou moins superposées d'ouvrières se succèdent. Les individus de ces deux séries diffèrent par leur taille: les ouvrières nées en début de saison, à partir de larves ayant hiverné, sont grandes; les fourmis apparues en début de saison, à partir de larves issues d'œufs pondus en juin, sont plus petites. On peut donc suivre l'acquisition progressive du degré de pigmentation ultime dans deux lots parallèles et plus ou moins distincts d'ouvrières. Cette évolution dure deux ans et s'effectue surtout pendant la bonne saison (fig. 4). Précisons qu'aucun hiatus n'existe entre les deux séries signalées d'ouvrières: la ponte, les développements larvaires et les nymphoses se déroulent de manière continue, mais avec deux maxima distincts, de juin à novembre.

Enfin, les dates exactes auxquelles les changements démographiques, ont lieu dépendent sans doute des conditions climatiques, ce qui rendrait compte des divergences mineures relevées entre nos observations et celles d'autres auteurs (Brian, 1951;Petal, 1972) (fig. 4).

Summary

A demographic study ofMyrmica rubra L. societies was pursued during 2 years in order to ascertain the ants' age.

An entire colony was collected every month (Table I). The proportions of nymphs, imagos and workers of 5 successive degrees of cuticular pigmentation (Cammaerts-Tricot, 1974a) were determined (fig. 2). This was supplemented by a biometric study of the brood (fig. 3) and of certain workers (Table II).

From June to November, 2 series, somewhat superposed, of worker emergence can be discerned: one occurs in July, the other in October. The ants of these 2 series have different sizes: the ones that emerge early in the season, from vernalized larvae are large; the others, appearing at the end of the season, from larvae hatched from eggs layed in June, are smaller. The progressive acquisition of the highest degree of pigmentation can thus be followed in two parallel and more or less distinct groups of workers. This process lasts two years and takes place essentially from June to November (fig. 4). Throughout that period, egg laying, larva hatching and worker emergence continue intermittently, without any break between the maxima at the beginning and at the end of the season.

Finally, the exact months in which the demographic changes occur probably depend on climatic conditions; this could explain the small divergences noted between our results and those of other authors (Brian, 1951;Petal, 1972) (fig. 4).

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Cammaerts, MC. Étude démographique annuelle des sociétés deMyrmica rubra L. des environs de Bruxelles. Ins. Soc 24, 147–161 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02227168

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02227168

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