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Numerical simulation of tides in the World Ocean: 1. Parameterization of the shelf effects

Numerisches Modell der Gezeiten im Weltozean: 1. Parametrisierung von Schelfeffekten

Simulation numérique de marées dans l'océan mondial: 1. Paramétrisation des effets du plateau

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Summary

Two methods of shelf parameterization are proposed: one of the local and the other of the integral type. The paper gives the results of testing these methods using a calculation of tides according to Webb's [1976] and von Trepka's [1967] model oceans as an example. The proposed methods of shelf effect parameterization provide a quite acceptable accuracy of simulation of semi-diurnal tides in the open ocean, but in some cases they underestimate the tidal energy dissipation on the shelf. The latter circumstance is caused by the ignored effect of edge waves with a longitudinal scale of the order of the shelf width.

Zusammenfassung

Es werden zwei Methoden der Parametrisierung von Schelfeffekten vorgeschlagen: eine vom lokalen Typ, die andere vom integralen. Die Versuchsergebnisse dieser Typen werden am Beispiel der Gezeitenberechnung nach den Ozeanmodellen von Webb [1976] und von von Trepka [1967] vorgelegt. Es ist gezeigt, daß die hier vorgeschlagenen Parametrisierungsmethoden von Schelfeffekten eine vollkommen ausreichende Genauigkeit bei der Wiedergabe der halbtägigen Gezeiten im freien Ozean bieten, jedoch in einigen Fällen wird die Dissipation der Gezeitenenergie am Schelf unterschätzt. Dieses wird durch den vernachlässigten Einfluß der Randwellen mit einem Längsmaßstab von der Größenordnung der Schelfbreite hervorgerufen.

Résumé

On propose deux méthodes de paramétrisation du plateau: l'une de type local, l'autre de type intégral. Cet article décrit les résultats des essais de ces deux méthodes dans un calcul de marées à l'aide des modèles d'océan de Webb [1976] et de von Trepka [1967]. Les méthodes de paramétrisation des effets du plateau proposées ici fournissent une précision de simulation tout à fait suffisante pour la marée semi-diurne océanique, mais, dans certains cas, elles sous-estiment la dissipation d'énergie sur le plateau. Ceci est dû au fait qu'elles négligent l'influence des ondes de bord dont la longueur d'onde est de l'ordre de la largeur du plateau.

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Abbreviations

a ±n :

amplitudinal multipliers for reflected and incident Kelvin and Poincaré waves (n=0 corresponds to Kelvin waves)

a :

analytical function of the coefficient of bottom frictionr

A :

shelf length

b :

analytical function of the coefficient of bottom frictionr

C :

constant defined by the ratio of amplitudes and phase shift betweenu andv

E m :

maximum tidal energy

\( - \dot E\) :

rate of tidal energy dissipation

f :

Coriolis parameter

F ±n (x, y):

characteristics of Kelvin and Poincaré waves in the Webb channel

g :

gravity

h :

depth on the shelf

h 0 :

characteristic depth on the shelf

H :

depth in the open ocean

L :

shelf width

Q :

quality factor of an oscillatory system

r :

linearized coefficient of bottom friction

r 1 :

coefficient of bottom friction in the quadratic resistance law

u, v :

components of the vertical-mean velocity

x, y :

cartesian coordinates

α:

ratio of the shelf width to characteristic scale of wave on the shelf

σ:

frequency

σ 0 :

eigenfrequency

ɛ:

ratio of the shelf width to characteristic wave scale in the open ocean

ζ:

tidal elevation

ρ:

mean density of sea water

χ:

parameter uniquely connected withr 1

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Gotlib, V.Y., Kagan, B.A. Numerical simulation of tides in the World Ocean: 1. Parameterization of the shelf effects. Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift 34, 273–283 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02226643

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