Skip to main content
Log in

Are bacteria the third partner of theAzolla-Anabaena symbiosis?

  • Published:
Plant and Soil Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The development of the prokaryotic colony inAzolla filiculoides indicates thatAnabaena azollae is maintained through the life cycle of the fern and present in the leaves and megasporocarps. The same biological pattern is applied to the bacteria that are also present in these structures and seems to follow a development pattern identical to the cyanobacteria and probably can be considered the third partner of this symbiotic association.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bottomley W B 1920 The effect of organic matter on the growth of various water plants in culture solution. Ann. Bot. 39, 353–365.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carrapiço F and Tavares R 1987 New data on theAzolla-Anabaena symbiosis. I. Morphological and histochemical aspects.In Abstracts of the 4th International Symposium on Nitrogen Fixation with Non-Legumes. Rio de Janeiro, 23–28 August 1987.

  • Carrapiço F and Tavares R 1989 New data on theAzolla-Anabaena symbiosis. I. Morphological and histochemical aspects.In Nitrogen Fixation with Non-Legumes. Eds. F ASkinner et al. pp 89–94. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forni C and Grilli Caiola M 1986 Studio in culture dei batteri isolati dalle cavita fogliari diAzolla Giorn. Bot. Ital. 120, n. 1–2, suppl. 2, 100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forni C, Grilli Caiola M and Gentili S 1987 Bacteria in theAzolla-Anabaena symbiosis.In Abstracts of the 4th International Symposium on Nitrogen Fixation with Non-Legumes, Rio de Janeiro, 23–28 August 1987.

  • Forni C, Grilli Caiola M and Gentili S 1989 Bacteria in theAzolla-Anabaena symbiosis, In Nitrogen Fixation with Non-Legumes. Eds F ASkinner et al. pp 83–88. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gates J E, Fisher E W and Candler R A 1980 The occurrence of the coryneform bacteria in the leaf cavity ofAzolla. Arch. Microbiol. 127, 163–165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grilli M 1964 Infrastrutture diAnabaena azollae vivente nelle foglioline diAzolla caroliniana. Ann. Microb. Enzim. XIV, 69–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mollenhauer H H 1964 Plastic embedding for use in electron microscopy. Stain Technol. 39, 111–114.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peters G A, Toia R E Jr, Raveed D and Levine N J 1978 TheAzolla-Anabaena azollae relationship. VI. Morphological aspects of the association. New Phytol. 80, 583–593.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peters G A and Calvert H E 1982 TheAzolla-Anabaena azollae symbiosis.In Advances in Agricultural Microbiology. Ed. N SSubba Rao. pp 191–218. Oxford & IBH Publishing Company, New Delhi, India.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petro M J and Gates J E 1987 Distribution ofArthrobacter sp. in the leaf cavities of four species of the N-fixingAzolla fern. Symbiosis 3, 41–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tavares R and Carrapiço F 1988 Bacteria associated with theAzolla-Anabaena symbiosis.In Abstract of IBEREM 88, Lisbon, December 1988.

  • Wallace W H and Gates J E 1986 Identification of eubacteria isolated from leaf cavities of four species of the N-fixingAzolla fern asArthrobacter Conn and Dimmick. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 52, 425–429.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Carrapiço, F. Are bacteria the third partner of theAzolla-Anabaena symbiosis?. Plant Soil 137, 157–160 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02187448

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02187448

Key words

Navigation