Summary
Chrysanthemum morifolium var. Circus plants were inoculated with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus,Glomus fasciculatum, and grown, in hydroponic sand cultures to provide solutions maintained at pH 5 or 7 and one of the three NH43nNO3-ion ratios, 1∶100, 40∶60 or 80∶20. Mycorrhizal formation was decreased with high levels of NH4-ions, but greatest VAM growth benefit occurred with NH4-ions in solution at pH 7. High leaf levels of P were observed in plants receiving NH4-ion solutions, especially VAM plants, which explain in part their improved growth response.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barneix H J and Arnozis P A 1980 Effect of nitrate and ammonium on phosphate absorption by wheat seedlings. Øyton 39, 7–13.
Brown R W, Schultz R C and Kormanik P P 1981 Response of vesicular-arbuscular endomycorrhizal sweetgum seedlings to three nitrogen fertilizers. Forest Sci. 27, 413–420.
Chambers C A, Smith S E and Smith F A 1980 Effects of ammonium and nitrate ions on mycorrhizal infection nodulation and growth ofTrifolium subterraneum. New Phytol. 85, 47–62.
Coxwell M J 1983 Effects of nitrogen source and levels on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization, growth and chemical composition ofPittosporum tobira Thunb. M.S. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Dogar M A and Van Hai T 1979 Influence of ammonium concentration on uptake and content of P, K, Ca and Mg in rice grown in solution culture. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 93, 273–280.
Graham J H, Leonard R T and Menge J A 1981 Membrane-mediated decrease in root exudation responsible for phosphorus inhibition of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza formation. Plant Physiol. 68, 548–552.
Gerdemann J W 1968 Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza and plant growth. Annu. Rev. Phytopath. 6, 397–418.
Green N E, Graham S O and Schenk N C 1976 The influence of pH on the germination of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal spores. Mycologia 68, 929–934.
Haynes R J and Goh K M 1978 Ammonium and nitrate nutrition of plants. Biol. Rev. 53, 465–510.
Johnson C R, Joiner J N and Crews C E 1980 Effects of N, K, and Mg on growth and leaf nutrient composition of three contain grown woody ornamentals inoculated with mycorrhizae. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 105, 286–288.
Johnson C R, Menge J A, and Johnson E L V 1982 Effect of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae on growth ofChrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. Scientia Hortic. 17, 265–269.
Joiner J N and Knoop W E 1969 Effect of ratios of NH4 and NO3 and levels of N and K on chemical content ofChrysanthemum morifolium ‘Bright Golden Ann’. Proc. Fl. State Hortic. Soc. 82, 403–407.
Kanamori T, Konishi S and Takahashi E 1972 Inducible formation of glutamate dehydrogenase in rice plant roots by the addition of ammonia to the media. Physiol. Plant. 26, 1–6.
Klein H and Jager H J 1978 Some aspects of relation between nitrogen metabolism inPisum sativum and mineral nutrition. Plant and Soil 50, 25–35.
Lanowska J 1966 Influence of different sources of nitrogen on the development of mycorrhiza inPisum sativum. Pamietnik Pulawski 21, 365–386.
Lösel D M and Cooper K M 1979 Incorporation of14C-labelled substrates by uninfected and VA mycorrhizal roots of onion. New Phytol. 83, 415–426.
Menge J A, Steirle D, Bagyaraj D J, Johnson E L V and Leonard R T 1978 Phosphorus concentrations in plants responsible for inhibition of mycorrhizal infection. New Phytol. 80, 575–578.
Mosse B 1972 The influence of soil type and Endogone strain on the growth of mycorrhizal plants in phosphate deficient soils. Review Ecologie et Biologie die Sol., 9, 529–537.
Ojala J C and W M Jarrell 1980 Hydroponic sand culture systems for mycorrhizal research. Plant and Soil 57, 297–303.
Phillips J M and Hayman D S 1970 Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 55, 158–160.
Ratnayake M, Leonard R T and Menge J A 1978 Root exudation in relation to supply of phosphorus and its possible relevance to mycorrhizal formation. New Phytol. 81, 543–552.
Safir G R, Boyer J S and Gerdemann 1972 Nutrient status and mycorrhizal enhancement of water transport in soybean. Plant Physiol. 49, 700–703.
Sanders F E 1975 The effect of foliar-applied phosphate on the mycorrhizal infections of onion roots.In Endomycorrhizas. Eds. F E Sanders, B Mosse and P B Tinker. Academic Press, London.
Tinker P B 1975 Effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas on plant growth. Symposium Soc. Exp. Biol. 29, 325–349.
Wakiuchi N, Matsumoto H and Takahashi E 1971 Changes of some enzyme activities of cucumber during ammonium toxicity. Physiol. Plant. 24, 248–253.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Johnson, C.R., Jarrell, W.M. & Menge, J.A. Influence of ammonium: nitrate ratio and solution pH on mycorrhizal infection, growth and nutrient composition ofChrysanthemum morifolium var. Circus. Plant Soil 77, 151–157 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02182919
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02182919