Summary
The effects of N−K fertilization and of liming on the fluxes of chemical elements within forest ecosystems were followed in a beech and a spruce stand in the German Solling region.
No effect on the chemistry of throughfall was obvious except for K (beech). N added in form of nitrate to the humus layer was transferred rapidly into the mineral soil and was nearly totally lost from the soil of the spruce stand while the beech stand took up considerable amounts of nitrate. No nitrification of the NH4−N added occurred within the humus layer of both stands. The input of K and NH4 caused a strong acidification push within the mineral soil due to the exchange of Al-ions and led to heavy losses mainly of Al and Mn with seepage water.
Liming caused increased rates of NO3−N losses under both stands but was followed by a significant reduction of the output of Al, Mn and SO4 under the spruce stand as compared to the unfertilized stand. Only a slight reduction was found under beech.
The ratio of Ca/Al in the soil solution was substantially raised after liming.
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Matzner, E., Khanna, P.K., Meiwes, K.J. et al. Effects of fertilization on the fluxes of chemical elements through different forest ecosystems. Plant Soil 74, 343–358 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02181352
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02181352