Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Raynaud's syndrome

  • Published:
Annals of Vascular Surgery

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Lewis T, Pickering G. Observations upon maladies in which the blood supply to the digits ceases intermittently or permanently and upon bilateral gangrene of the digits: Observations relevant to so-called “Raynaud's disease.” Clin sci 1934;1:327–366.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Fessel WJ. Rheumatology for Clinicians. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1975; p 214.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Taylor Q, Pelmear PL. Raynaud's phenomenon of occupational origin: An epidemiological survey. Acta Chir Scand (Suppl) 1976;465:27–32.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Olsen N, Nielsen SL. Prevalence of primary Raynaud's phenomenon in young females. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1978; 38:761–764.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Heslop J, Coggon D, Acheson ED. The prevalence of intermittent digital ischaemia (Raynaud's phenomenon) in a general practice. J R Coll Gen Pract 1983;33:85–89.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Maricq HR, Weinrich MC, Keil JE, et al. Prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon in the general population. J Chron Dis 1986;39:423–427.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Leppert J, Aberg H, Ringsqvist I, et al. Raynaud's phenomenon in a female population: Prevalence and association with other conditions. Angiology 1987;38:871–877.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Silman A, Holligan S, Brennan P, et al. Prevalence of symptoms of Raynaud's phenomenon in general practice. Br Med J 1990;301:590–592.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Weinrich MC, Maricq HR, Keil JE, et al. Prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon in the adult population of South Carolina. J Clin Epidemiol 1990;43:1343–1349.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Maricq HR, Carpentier PH, Weinrich MC, et al. Geographic variation in the prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon: Charleston, SC, USA, vs Tarentaise, Savoie, France. J Rheumatol 1993;20:70–76.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Riera G, Vilardell M, Vaque J, et al. Prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon in a healthy Spanish population. J Rheumatol 1993;20:66–69.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Allen E, Brown G. Raynaud's disease: A critical review of minimal requisites for diagnosis. Am J Med sci 1932;83:187–200.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Hines E, Christensen N. Raynaud's disease among men. JAMA 1945;129:1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Gifford R, Hines E. Raynaud's disease among women and girls. Circulation 1957;16:1012–1021.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Blain A, Coller F, Carver G. Raynaud's disease: A study of criteria for prognosis. Surgery 1951;29:387–397.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Velayos E, Roginson H, Porciuncula F, et al. Clinical correlation analysis of 137 patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Am J Med sci 1970;262:347–356.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Porter JM, Bardana EJ, Baur GM, et al. The clinical significance of Raynaud's syndrome. Surgery 1976;80:756–764.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Vayssairat M, Fiessinger J, Housset E. Phenomene de Raynaud: Etude prospective de 100 cas. Nouv Presse Med 1979;26:2177–2180.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Priollet P, Vayssairat M, Housset E. How to classify Raynaud's phenomenon: Long-term follow-up study of 73 cases. Am J Med 1987;83:494–498.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Kallenberg C, Wouda A, Hauw, et al. Systemic involvement and immunologic findings in patients presenting with Raynaud's phenomenon. Am J Med 1980;69:675–680.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Harper FE, Maricq HR, Turner RE, et al. A prospective study of Raynaud's phenomenon and early connective tissue disease: A five-year report. Am J Med 1982;72:883–888.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Priollet P, Veni P, Vayssairat M, et al. Minimal etiological evaluation of Raynaud's phenomenon. Presse Med 1985; 14: 1999–2003.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Marquet R, Vilardell M, Ordi J. Fenomeno de Raynaud y anticuerpos anticentromero. Med Clin (Barc) 1987;89:721–724.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Edwards JM, Porter JM. Associated diseases with Raynaud's syndrome. Vasc Med Rev 1990;1:51–58.

    Google Scholar 

  25. de Takats G, Fowler EF. Raynaud's phenomenon. JAMA 1962;179:1–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Velayos EE, Robinson H, Porciuncula FU, et al. Clinical correlation analysis of 137 patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Am J Med sci 1971;262:347–356.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Sumner D, Strandness DE Jr. An abnormal finger pulse associated with cold sensitivity. Ann Surg 1972;175:294–298.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Porter JM, Bardana EJ, Baur GM, et al. The clinical significance of Raynaud's syndrome. Surgery 1976;80:756–764.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Porter JM, Rivers SP, Anderson CJ, et al. Evaluation and management of patients with Raynaud's syndrome. Am J Surg 1981;142:183–189.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Maricq HR, McGregor AR, Diat F, et al. Major clinical diagnoses found among patients with Raynaud's phenomenon from the general population. J Rheumatol 1990;17:1171–1176.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Bennett R, Bluestone R, Holt PJL, et al. Survival in scleroderma. Ann Rheum Dis 1971;30:581–588.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Maricq HR, Weinrich MC, Keil JE, et al. Prevalence of scleroderma spectrum disorders in the general population of South Carolina. Arthritis Rheum 1989;32:998–1006.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Nimelstein SH, Brody S, McShane D, et al. Mixed connective tissue disease: A subsequent evaluation of the original 25 patients. Medicine 1980;59:239–248.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Sharp GC, Irwin WS, Tan ES, et al. Mixed connective tissue disease—an apparently distinct rheumatic disease syndrome associated with a specific antibody to an extractable nuclear antigen (ENA). Am J Med 1972;52:149–159.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Talal N. Sjögren's syndrome. In Cohen SA, ed. Rheumatology and Immunology. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1979, pp 279–281.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Fessel WJ. Systemic lupus erythematosus in the community. Arch Intern Med 1974;134:1027–1035.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Dubois EL. Lupus erythematosus. Los Angeles: University of Southern California Press, 1974, p 256.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Gerbracht DD, Steen VD, Ziegler GL, et al. Evolution of primary Raynaud's phenomenon (Raynaud's disease) to connective tissue disease. Arthritis Rheum 1985;28:87–92.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Sheiner NM, Small P. Isolated Raynaud's phenomenon —a benign disorder. Ann Allergy 1987;58:114–117.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Fitzgerald O, Hess EV, O'Connor GT, et al. Prospective study of the evolution of Raynaud's phenomenon. Am J Med 1988;84:718–726.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Kallenberg CG, Wouda AA, Hoet MH, et al. Development of connective tissue disease in patients presenting with Raynaud's phenomenon: A six-year follow-up with emphasis on the predictive value of antinuclear antibodies as detected by immunoblotting. Ann Rheum Dis 1988;47:634–641.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Wollersheim H, Thien T, Hoet MH, et al. The diagnostic value of several immunological tests for anti-nuclear antibody in predicting the development of connective tissue disease in patients presenting with Raynaud's phenomenon. Eur J Clin Invest 1989;19:535–541.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Gentric A, Blaschek MA, Le Noach JF, et al. Serological arguments for classifying Raynaud's phenomenon as idiopathic. J Rheumatol 1990;17:1177–1181.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Weiner ES, Hildebrandt S, Senecal JL, et al. Prognostic significance of anticentromere antibodies and anti-topoisomerase I antibodies in Raynaud's disease. A prospective study. Arthritis Rheum 1991;34:68–77.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Brubaker RL, Mackenzie, Hutton SG. Vibration-induced white finger among selected underground rock drillers in British Columbia. Scand J Work Environ Health 1986;12:296–300.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Pelmear PL, Roos J, Leong D, et al. Cold provocation test results from a 1985 survey of hard-rock miners in Ontario. Scand J Work Environ Health 1987;13:343–347.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Christophers AJ. Occupational aspects of Raynaud's disease: A critical historical survey. Med J Australia 1972;2:730–733.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Loriga G. Pneumatic tools: Occupation and health. Boll Inspett Labor 1911;2:35–60.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Hamilton A. A study of spastic anemia in the hands of stonecutters: An effect of the air hammer on the hands of stonecutters. Indust Accidents Hyg Series Bull 1918;236:53–66.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Taylor W, Wasserman D, Behrens V, et al. Effect of the air hammer on the hands of stonecutters. The limestone quarries of Bedford, Indiana, revisited. Br J Indust Med 1984;41:289–295.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Wasserman DE. Raynaud's phenomenon as it relates to hand-tool vibration in the workplace. Am Indust Hyg Assoc J 1985;46:B10–18.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Hunter D, McLaughlin AIC, Perry KMA. Clinical effects of the use of pneumatic tools. Br J Indust Med 1945;2:10–16.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Taylor W, Pelmear PL. Raynaud's phenomenon of occupational origin: An epidemiological survey. Acta Chir Scand (Suppl) 1976;465:27–32.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Pyykko I, Sairanen E, Korhonen O, et al. A decrease in the prevalence and severity of vibration-induced white fingers among lumberjacks in Finland. Scand J Work Health 1978; 4:246–254.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Grounds MD. Raynaud's phenomenon in users of chain saws. Med J Aust 1964;1:270–272.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Pyykko I. The prevalence and symptoms of traumatic vasospastic disease among lumberjacks in Finland. Scand J Work Environ Health 1974;11:118–131.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Lagerkvist B, Linderholm H, Nordberg GF. Vasospastic tendency and Raynaud's phenomenon in smelter workers exposed to arsenic. Environ Res 1986;39:465.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Mackiewicz Z, Piskorz A. Raynaud's phenomenon following long-term repeated action of great difference in temperature. J Cardiovasc Surg 1977;18:151–154.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Suciu I, Prodan L, Ilea E, et al. Clinical manifestations in vinyl chloride poisoning. Ann NY Acad sci 1975;246:53–69.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Wilson RH, McCormick WE, Tatum CF, et al. Occupational acroosteolysis. JAMA 1967;201:83–87.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Toren K, Jonsson P, Nilsson R. Vasospastic disease among laboratory technicians using test tube mixers. Am J Indust Med 1992;21:601–604.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Nielson SL, Lassen NA. Measurement of digital blood pressure after local cooling. J Appl Physiol 1977;43:907–910.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Gates KH, Tyburczy JA, Zupan T, et al. The noninvasive quantification of digital vasospasm. Bruit 1984;8:34–37.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Carter SA, Dean E, Kroeger EA. Apparent finger systolic pressure during cooling in patients with Raynaud's syndrome. Circulation 1988;77:988–996.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Allen JA, Devlin MA, McGrann S. An objective test for the diagnosis and grading of vasospasm in patients with Raynaud's syndrome. Clin sci 1992;82:529–534.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Bovenzi M. Digital arterial responsiveness to cold in healthy men, vibration white finger, and primary Raynaud's phenomenon. Scand J Work Environ Health 1993;19:271–276.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Alexander S, Cummings C, Figg-Hoblyn L, et al. Usefulness of digital peaked pulse for diagnosis of Raynaud's syndrome. J Vasc Tech 1988;12:71–75.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Holgren K, Baur GM, Porter JM. Vascular laboratory evaluation of Raynaud's syndrome. Bruit 1981;5:19–22.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Wollersheim H, Reyenga J, Thien T. Postocclusive reactive hyperemia of fingertips, monitored by laser Doppler velocimetry in the diagnosis of Raynaud's phenomenon. Microvasc Res 1989;38:286–295.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Bartelink ML, Wollershein H, Leesmans E, et al. A standardized finger cooling test for Raynaud's phenomenon. Eur Heart J 1993; 14:614–622.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Kurozawa Y, Nasu Y, Oshiro H. Finger systolic blood pressure measurements after finger cooling: Using the laser-Doppler method for assessing vibration-induced white finger. J Occup Med 1992;34:683–686.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Singh S, de Trafford JC, Baskerville PA, et al. Digital artery calibre measurement. Eur J Vasc Surg 1991;5:199–203.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Lafferty K, de Trafford JC, Roberts VC, et al. Raynaud's phenomenon and thermal entrainment: An objective test. Br Med J 1983;286:90–92.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Pyykko I, Gemne G, Kolari P, et al. Vasomotor oscillation in vibration-induced white finger. Scand J Work Environ Health 1986;12:389–394.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. O'Keeffe ST, Tsapatsaris NP, Beetham WP Jr. Color chart assisted diagnosis of Raynaud's phenomenon in an unselected hospital employee population. J Rheumatol 1992;19: 1415–1417.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Ore.

    James M. Edwards MD

Authors
  1. James M. Edwards MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

About this article

Cite this article

Edwards, J.M. Raynaud's syndrome. Annals of Vascular Surgery 8, 509–513 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02133074

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02133074

Keywords

Search

Navigation