Skip to main content
Log in

Das orthogonale Elektrokardiogramm

  • Published:
Archiv für Kreislaufforschung Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Schrifttum

  1. Bayley, R. H., The electric field produced by an eccentric dipole in a homogeneous circular conducting lamina. Circulation Res.7, 272 (1959).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Blasius, W., Zur Methodik der Abnahme von Brustwandableitungen im Verband gleichseitiger Dreiecke in der Horizontalebene. Pflügers Arch.261, 1 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Blasius, W. undR. Repges, Zur Vektoranalyse des Brustwand-Ekg im Hinblick auf die exzentrische Lage des Herzens im Thorax. Pflügers Arch.261, 8 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Boer, W. den, H. C. Burger andJ. B. van Milaan, Vectorcardiograms of normal and premature beats in different lead systems. Brit. Heart J.17, 1 (1955).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Burger, H. C. andJ. B. van Milaan, Heart-Vector and Leads. Part I. Brit. Heart J.8, 157 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Burger, H. C. andJ. B. van Milaan, Heart-Vector and Leads. Part II. Brit. Heart J.9, 154 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Burger, H. C. andJ. B. van Milaan, Heart-Vector and Leads. Part III. Brit. Heart J.10, 229 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Burger, H. C., J. B. van Milaan andW. Klip, Comparison of three different systems of vectorcardiography. Amer. Heart J.57, 723 (1959).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Burger, H. C., H. A. Tolhoek andF. G. Backbier, The potential distribution on the body surface caused by a heart vector. Amer. Heart J.48, 249 (1954).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Burger, H. C., J. B. van Milaan andW. den Boer, Comparison of different systems of vectorcardiography. Brit. Heart J.14, 401 (1952).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Burger, H. C., J. B. van Milaan andW. Klip, Comparison of two systems of vectorcardiography with an electrode to the frontal and dorsal sides of the trunk, respectively. Amer. Heart J.51, 26 (1956).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Burger, H. C. andJ. B. van Milaan, Measurements of the specific resistance of the human body to direct current. Acta med. Scand.114, 584 (1943).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Burger, H. C. andR. van Dongen, Specific electric resistance of body tissues. Phys. Med. Biol.5, 431 (1961).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Canfield, R., On the electrical field surrounding doublets and its significance from the standpoint ofEinthoven's equation. Heart14, 102 (1927).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Craib, W. H. andR. Canfield, A study of the electrical field surrounding active heart muscle. Heart14, 71 (1927).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Dohrmann, R. undW. Schmitt, Der Einfluß der Hypertonie auf das Vektorkardiogramm unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Ventrikelgradienten. Arch. Kreislaufforschg.25, 225 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Duchosal, P. W. etR. Sulzer, La vectocardiographie. (Basel 1949).

  18. Einthoven, W., G. Fahr undA. de Waart, Über die Richtung und die manifeste Größe der Potentialschwankungen im menschlichen Herzen und über den Einfluß der Herzlage auf die Form des Elektrokardiogramms. Pflügers Arch.150, 275 (1913).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Frank, E., Measurement and significance of cancellation potentials on the human heart. Circulation11, 937 (1955).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Frank, E., A comparative analysis of the eccentric double-layer representation of the human heart. Amer. Heart J.46, 364 (1953).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Frank, E., Absolute quantitative comparison of instantaneousQRS equipotentials on a normal subject with dipole potentials on a homogeneous torso model. Circulation Res.8, 243 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Frank, E., C. F. Kay, G. E. Seiden andR. A. Keisman, A new quantitative basis for electrocardiographic theory: The normalQRS-komplex. Circulation12, 406 (1955).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Frank, E., Theoretic analysis of the influence of heart dipole eccentricity on the limb leads,Wilson central-terminal voltage and the frontal-plane vectorcardiogram. Circulation Res.1, 380 (1953).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Frank, E. andC. F. Kay, Frontal plane studies of homogeneous torso models. Circulation9, 724 (1954).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Frank, E., Electric potential produced by two point current sources in a homogeneous conducting sphere. J. appl. Phys.23, 1225 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Frank, E., The Zero-potential contour on a homogeneous conducting cylinder. IRE Trans. Med. Electronics1, 27 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Frank, E., The image surface of a homogeneous torso. Amer. Heart J.47, 757 (1954).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Frank, E., General theory of heart-vector projection. Circulation Res.2, 258 (1954).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Frank, E., A direct experimental study of three systems of spatial vectorcardiography. Circulation10, 101 (1954).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Frank, E., An accurate, clinically practical system for spatial vectorcardiography. Circulation13, 737 (1956).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Frank, E., Analysis ofR, L, F, B systems of spatial vectorcardiography. Amer. Heart J.51, 34 (1956).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Frank, E., Comparison of limb and precordial vectorcardiographic systems. Circulation14, 83 (1956).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Gärtner, W. undH. Schaefer, Die Theorie und die klinische Brauchbarkeit des Ventrikelgradienten im Ekg. Arch. Kreislaufforschg.27, 83 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  34. Goldberger, E., Unipolar lead electrocardiography (Philadelphia 1948).

  35. Helm, R. A., A universal system of electrode placement for electrocardiography and spatial vectorcardiography. Amer. Heart J.58, 71 (1959).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Helmholtz, H., Über einige Gesetze der Verteilung elektrischer Ströme in körperlichen Leitern mit Anwendung auf die tierischelektrischen Versuche. Ann. Physik Chemie89, 211 (1853).

    Google Scholar 

  37. Johnston, F. D., The spread of currents and distribution of potentials in homogeneous volume conducters. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.65, 963, (1957).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Langner, P. H., R. H. Okada, S. R. Moore andH. L. Fies, Comparison of four orthogonal systems of vectorcardiography. Circulation17, 46 (1958).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Levine, R. B., O. H. Schmitt andE. Simonson, Electrocardiographic minor pattern studies, II. Amer. Heart J.45, 100 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  40. Libretti, A. andA. Zanchetti, Spatial patterns of ventricular repolarization in arterial hypertension. Amer. Herat J.59, 40 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  41. Mangoldt, H. v. undH. Knopp, Einführung in die höhere Mathematik. (Stuttgart 1958).

  42. McFee, R. andF. D. Johnston, Electrocardiographic leads, I. Circulation8, 554 (1953).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. McFee, R. andF. D. Johnston, Electrocardiographic leads, II. Circulation9, 255 (1954).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. McFee, R. andF. D. Johnston, Electrocardiographic leads, III. Circulation9, 868 (1954).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. McFee, R. andA. Parungao, An orthogonal lead system for clinical electrocardiography. Amer. Heart J.62, 92 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  46. Nehb, W., Das Brustwand-Elektrokardiogramm. Verh. Dtsch. Ges. Kreislaufforschg.12, 177 (Dresden u. Leipzig 1939).

    Google Scholar 

  47. Nelson, C. V. andP. Gastongnay, A definition for zero potential. Circulation Res.7, 1038 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  48. Pipberger, H. V. andC. R. Wood A simplified method for the resolution of the orthogonal electrocardiogram.Circulation Res.6, 239 (1958).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Pipberger, H. V., Die Bedeutung der orthogonalen Elektrokardiographie und Vektorkardiographie für die klinische Kardiologie. Arch. Kreislaufforschg.29, 58 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  50. Pipberger, H. V. andL. S. Lilienfield, Application of corrected electrocardiographic lead systems in man. Amer. J. Med.25, 539 (1958).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Rijlant, R., L'électrogenèse globale du cœur de l'homme et du chien. Bull. Acad. Roy. Med. Belg.23, 362 (1958).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Rijlant, R., L'électrogenèse globale du cœur chez l'homme. Electrocardiographie vectorielle et vectorcardiographie. Acta Cardiol.13, 349 (1958).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Sano, T., M. Ono andT. Shimamoto, Intrinsic deflections, local excitation and transmembrane action potentials. Circulation Res.4, 444 (1956).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Schaefer, H., Das Elektrokardiogramm (Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg 1951).

  55. Schmitt, O. H., R. B. Levine andE. Simonson, Electrocardiographic minor pattern studies, I. Amer. Heart J.45, 416 (1953).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Schmitt, O. H. andE. Simonson, The present status of vectorcardiography. Arch. Int. Med.96, 574 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  57. Schmitt, O. H., Lead vectors and transfer impedance. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.65, 1092 (1957).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Schwan, H. P. andC. F. Kay, The conductivity of living tissues. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.65, 1007 (1957).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Schwan, H. P. andC. F. Kay, Capacitive properties of body tissues. Circulation Res.5, 439 (1957).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Schwan, H. P. andC. F. Kay, Specific resistance of body tissues. Circulation Res.4, 664 (1956).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Seiden, G. E., The electric heart center for theQRS-complex in cardiac patients. Circulation Res.4, 313 (1956).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Simonson, E., O. H. Schmitt, R. B. Levine andJ. Dahl, Electrocardiographic minor pattern studies, III. Amer. Heart J.45, 655 (1953).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Stallmann, F., Über die Ableitetheorie des Elektrokardiogramms. Arch. Kreislaufforschg.25, 291 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  64. Wilson, F. N., F. D. Johnston, A. G. Macleod andP. S. Barker, Electrocardiograms that represent the potential variations of a single electrode. Amer. Heart J.9, 447 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  65. Wilson, F. N., F. D. Johnston, andCh. E. Kossmann, The substitution of a tetrahedron for theEinthoven-triangle. Amer. Heart J.33, 594 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  66. Yeh, G. C. K. andJ. Martinetz, The potential of a general dipole in a homogeneous conducting prolate spheroid. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.65, 1003 (1957).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Mit 16 Abbildungen in 18 Einzeldarstellungen und 7 Tabellen

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Abel, H. Das orthogonale Elektrokardiogramm. Archiv für Kreislaufforschung 37, 168–198 (1962). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02119394

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02119394

Navigation