Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

The role of complement in immune clearance of blood cells

  • Published:
Springer Seminars in Immunopathology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  1. Aminoff D, Vorder Bruegge WF, Bell WC, Sarpolis K, Williams R (1979) Role of sialic acid in survival of erythrocytes in the circulation: Interaction of neuraminidase-treated and untreated erythrocytes with spleen and liver at the cellular level. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74: 1521

    Google Scholar 

  2. Atkinson JP, Frank MM (1977) Role of complement in the pathophysiology of hematologic disease. Prog Hematol 10: 211

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Blanc C, Lopez Trascasa M, Sobel AT (1979) C4-dependent phagocytosis by human mononuclear cells. Vth European Complement workshop 1979. Abstracts

  4. Borne AEGKr, von Dem, Helmerhorst FM, Leeuwen EF, van Pegels HG, Riesz E, Engelfriet CP (1980) Autoimmune thrombocytopenia: Detection of platelet autoantibodies with the suspension immunofluorescence test. Br J Haematol 45: 319

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Borsos T, Rapp HJ (1965) Hemolysin titration based on fixation of the activated first component of complement: Evidence that one molecule of hemolysin suffices to sensitize an erythrocyte. J Immunol 95: 559

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Chanarin I, James D, Stafford D, Tidmarsh E (1977) Platelet autoimmunity. Br J Haematol 37: 283

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Chaplin H, Hoffmann NL (1982) Radioimmunoassay evaluation of anti-C3d reactivity in broad spectrum commercial antiglobulin reagents. Transfusion 22: 6

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Chaplin H, Monroe MC, Lachmann PJ (1983) Further studies on the C3g component of the α2D fragment of human C3. Clin Exp Immunol 51: 639

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Cheng CM, Hawiger J (1979) Affinity isolation and characterization of immunoglobulin G Fc fragment-binding glycoprotein human blood platelets. J Biol Chem 254: 2165

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Chenoweth DE, Hugh TE (1979) Demonstration of specific C5a receptor on intact human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: 3943

    Google Scholar 

  11. Cines DB, Schreiber AD (1979) Immune thrombocytopenia. Use of a Coomb's antiglobulin test to detect IgG and C3 on platelets. N Engl J Med 300: 106

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Cines DB, Schreiber AD (1979) Effect of anti-P1A1 antibody on human platelets. I. The role of complement. Blood 53: 567

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Coombs RRA, Mourant AE (1947) On certain properties of anti-sera prepared against human serum and its various protein fractions; their use in the detection of sensitization of human red cells with “incomplete” Rh antibody, and on the nature of this antibody. J Pathol Bacteriol 59: 105

    Google Scholar 

  14. Craddock CG Jr, Perry S, Lawrence JS (1960) The dynamics of leukopenia and leukocytes. Ann Intern Med 52: 281

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Craddock PR, Fehr J, Dalmasso AP, Brigham KL, Jacob HS (1977) Hemodialysis leukopenia: pulmonary vascular leukostasis resulting from complement activation by dialyzer cellophane membranes. J Clin Invest 59: 879

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Dacie JV (1975) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Arch Intern Med 135: 1293

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Davis AE III, Kenney DM (1979) Properdin factor D: Effects or thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. J Clin Invest 64: 721

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Dixon R, Rosse W, Ebbert L (1975) Quantitative determination of antibody in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: Correlation of serum and platelet-bound antibody with clinical response. N Engl J Med 292: 230

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. de Gramont A, Kazatchkine MD, Maillet F, Blanche M, Debray J (1983) Hémoglobinurie paroxystique nocturne. Elevation des protéins de la voie alterne du complément. Nouv Presse Méd 12: 747

    Google Scholar 

  20. Edwards M, Nicholson-Weller A, Baker CJ, Kasper DL (1980) The role of specific antibody in alternative complement pathway mediated opsonophagocytosis of type III group streptococcus. J Exp Med 151: 1275

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Ehlenberger AG, Nussenzweig V (1977) The role of membrane receptors for C3b and C3d in phagocytosis. J Exp Med 145: 357

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Evans RS, Turner E, Bingham M (1967) Chronic hemolytic anemia due to cold agglutinins: the mechanism of resistance of red cells to C hemolysis by cold agglutinins. J Clin Invest 46: 1461

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Eyster ME, Jenkins DE (1969) Erythrocyte-coating substances in patients with positive direct antiglobulin reactions. Am J Med 46: 360

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Fearon DT (1979) Regulation of the amplification C3 convertase of human complement by an inhibitory protein isolated from human erythrocyte membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 5867

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Fehr J, Jacob HS (1977) In vitro granulocyte adherence and in vivo margination: two associated complement-dependent functions. Studies based on the acute neutropenia of filtration leukophoresis. J Exp Med 146: 641

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Fischer JT, Petz LD, Garratty G, Cooper NR (1974) Correlations between quantitative assay of redcell bound C3, serologic reactions, and hemolytic anemia. Blood 44: 359

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Frank MM, Dourmashkin RR, Humphrey JJ (1970) Observations on the mechanism of immune hemolysis: Importance of immunoglobulin class and source of complement on the extent of damage. J Immunol 104: 1502

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Frank MM, Lawley T, Hamburger MI, Brown EJ (1983) Immunoglobulin G Fe receptor-mediated clearance in autoimmune disease. Ann Intern Med 98: 206

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Fruitstone MJ (1978) C3b-sensitized erythrocytes. Transfusion 18: 125

    Google Scholar 

  30. Ginsberg MH, Henson PM (1978) Enhancement of platelet response to immune complexes and IgG aggregates by lipid A rich bacterial lipopolysaccharides. J Exp Med 147: 207

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Götze O, Müller-Eberhard HJ (1972) Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Hemolysis by the C3 activator system. N Engl J Med 286: 180

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Greenberg J, Packham MA, Cazenave J-P, Reimers H-J, Mustard JF (1975) Effects on platelet function of removal of platelet sialic acid and by neuraminidase. Lab Invest 32: 476

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Greenberg JP, Packham MA, Guccione MA, Rand ML, Reimers H-J, Mustard JF (1979) Survival of rabbit platelets treated in vitro with chymotrypsin, plasmin, trypsin, or neuraminidase. Blood 53: 916

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Hamm TH, Dingle JH (1939) Studies on destruction of red blood cells. II. Chronic hemolytic anemia with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: Certain immunological aspects of the hemolytic mechanism with special reference to serum complement. J Clin Invest 18: 657

    Google Scholar 

  35. Handin RI, Stossel TP (1978) Effect of corticosteroid therapy on the phagocytosis of antibody-coated platelets by human leukocytes. Blood 51: 771

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Handwerger BS, Kay NE, Douglas SD (1978) Lymphocyte-mediated antibody-dependent cytolysis: Role in immune hemolysis. Vox Sang 34: 276

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Hänsch GM, Hammer CH, Vanguri P, Shin ML (1981) Homologous species restriction in lysis of erythrocytes by terminal complement proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 5118

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Harris JW (1956) Studies of mechanism of a drug-induced hemolytic anemia. J Lab Clin Med 47: 760

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Hartmann RC, Jenkins DE, Arnold AB (1970) Diagnostic specificity of sucrose hemolysis test for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Blood 35: 462

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Hauch TW, Rosse WF (1977) Platelet-bound complement (C3) in immune thrombocytopenia. Blood 50: 1129

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Henson PM, Ginsberg MH (1981) Immunological reactions of platelets. In: Gordon JI (ed) Platelets in biology and pathology 2. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 265

    Google Scholar 

  42. Hosea SW, Brown EJ, Hamburger MI, Frank MM (1981) Opsonic requirements for intravascular clearance after splenectomy. N Engl J Med 304: 245

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Hughes-Jones NC, Gosh S (1981) Anti-D coated Rh-positive red cells will bind the first component of the complement pathway, C1q. FEBS Lett 128: 318

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Hunt JS, Beck ML, Tegtmeier GE, Bayer WL (1982) Factors influencing monocyte recognition of human erythrocyte autoantibodies in vitro. Transfusion 22: 355

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Iida K, Nussenzweig V (1981) Complement receptor is an inhibitor of the complement cascade. J Exp Med 153: 1138

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Iida K, Mornaghi R, Nussenzweig V (1982) Complement receptors (CR1) deficiency in erythrocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Exp Med 155: 1427

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Imbach P, Jungi TW (1983) Possible mechanisms of intravenous immumoglobulin treatment in childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Blut 46: 117

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Inada S, Brown EJ, Gaither TA, Hammer CH, Takahashi T, Frank MM (1983) C3d receptors are expressed on human monocytes following in vitro cultivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 2351

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Isenman DE, Dorrington KJ, Painter RH (1975) The importance of interchain disulfide bonds and the possible role of molecule flexibility in the interaction between IgG and complement. J Immunol 114:1726

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Jack RM, Fearon DT (1983) Cytoskeletal attachment of Cab receptor (C3bR) and reciprocal coredistribution with Fc receptor (FcR) on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Abstr Fed Proc 42: 1235

    Google Scholar 

  51. Jaffe CJ, Atkinson JP, Frank MM (1976) The role of complement in the clearance of cold agglutinin sensitized erythrocytes in man. J Clin Invest 58: 942

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Jaffe CJ, Vierling JM, Jones AE, Lawley TJ (1978) Receptor specific clearance by the reticuloendothelial system in chronic liver disease. J Clin Invest 62: 1069

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Kayser W, Mueller-Eckhardt C, Budde V, Schmidt RE (1981) Complement-fixing platelet autoantibodies in autoimmune thrombocytopenia. Am J Hematol 11: 213

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Kayser W, Mueller-Eckhardt C, Bhakdi S, Ebert K (1983) Platelet-associated complement C3 in thrombocytopenic states. Br J Haematol 54: 353

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Kazatchkine MD, Fearon DT, Austen KF (1979) Human alternative complement pathway: Membrane-associated sialic acid regulates the competition between B andβIH for cell-bound C3b. J Immunol 122: 75

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Kazatchkine MD, Nydegger UE (1982) The human alternative complement pathway: Biology and immunopathology of activation and regulation. Prog Allergy 30: 193

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Kelton J, Meltzer D, Moore J, Giles AR, Wilson WE, Barr R, Hirsh J, Neame PB, Powers PJ, Walker I, Bianchi F, Caster CJ (1981) Drug-induced thrombocytopenia is associated with increased binding of IgG to platelets both in vivo and in vitro. Blood 58: 524

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Kelton J, Neame PB, Gauldie J, Hirsh J (1979) Elevated platelet-associated IgG in the thrombocytopenia of septicemia. N Engl J Med 300: 760

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Kenney DM, Davis AE III (1981) Interactions of the alternative complement pathway proteins factor D andβ1H, with human blood platelets. In: Bing DH, Rosenbaum RH (eds) Plasma and cellular modulatory proteins. Center Blood Research, Boston, p 215

    Google Scholar 

  60. Kernoff LM, Blake KCH, Shackleton D (1980) Influence of the amount of platelet-bound IgG on platelet survival and site of sequestration in autoimmune thrombocytopenia. Blood 55: 730

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Lalezari P (1982) Neutrophil antigens immunology and clinical implications. In: Greenwalt T, Jamieson GA (eds) The granulocyte: Function and clinical utilization. Alan R. Liss, New York, p 209

    Google Scholar 

  62. Lalezari P, Jiang AF, Yegen L, Santorieneou M (1975) Chronic autoimmune neutropenia due to anti-NA2 antibody. N Engl J Med 293: 744

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Lalezari P, Louie JE, Fadlallah N (1982) Serologic profile of alphamethyldopa-induced anemia: correlation between cell-bound IgM and hemolysis. Blood 59: 61

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Lambré CR, Kazatchkine MD, Maillet F, Thibon M (1982) Guinea pig erythrocytes after their contact with influenza virus, acquire the ability to activate the human alternative complement pathway through virus-induced desialation of the cells. J Immunol 128: 629

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Law SK, Levine RP (1977) Interaction between the third complement protein and cell surface macromolecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74: 2701

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Logue GL, Rosse WF, Gockerman JP (1973) Measurement of the third component of complement bound to red blood cells in patients with the cold agglutinin syndrome. J Clin Invest 52: 493

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Loos M (1982) The classical complement pathway: mechanism of activation of the first component by antigen-antibody complexes. Prog Allergy 30: 135

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Luner SJ, Szlarek D, Knox RJ, Seaman GVF, Josefowicz JY, Ware BR (1977) Red cell charge is not a function of cell age. Nature 269: 719

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Lutz HU (1981) Elimination alter Erythrozyten aus der Zirkulation. Freilegung eines Zellalterspeziischen Antigens auf alternden Erythrozyten. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 111: 1507

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Maillet F, Kazatchkine MD, Keiffer N (1983) Lysis of human platelets in autologous serum after their contact with influenza virus. V International Congress of Immunology. Abstracts

  71. McMillan R, Martin M (1981) Fixation of C3 to platelets in vitro by antiplatelet antibody from patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Br J Haematol 47: 251

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Medof ME, Iida K, Mold C, Nussenzweig V (1982) Unique role of the complement receptor CR1 in the degradation of C3b associated with immune complexes. J Exp Med 156: 1739

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Medof ME, Lam T, Prince GM, Mold C (1983) Requirement for human red blood cells in inactivation of C3b in immune complexes and enhancement of binding to spleen cells. J Immunol 130: 1336

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Miescher PA (1955) Leucopénies et agranulocytoses d'origine immunologique. Sang 26: 71

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Miescher PA, Miescher A (1978) Immunologic drug-induced blood dyscrasias. Klin Wochenschr 56: 1

    Google Scholar 

  76. Moore FD Jr, Fearon DT, Austen KF (1981) IgG on mouse erythrocytes augments activation of the human alternative complement pathway by enhancing deposition of C3b. J Immunol 126: 1805

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Morse EE, Zinkham WH, Jackson DP (1966) Thrombocytopenic purpura following rubella infection in children and in adults. Arch Intern Med 117: 573

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Mueller-Eckhardt Ch (1977) Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP): clinical and immunologic considerations. Semin Thromb Hemostas 3: 125

    Google Scholar 

  79. Mueller-Eckhardt C, Kayser W, Mersch-Baumert K, Mueller-Eckhardt G, Breidenbach M, Kugel H-G, Graubner M (1980) The clinical significance of platelet-associated IgG: A study on 298 patients with various disorders. Br J Haematol 46: 123

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Myers TJ, Kim BK, Steiner M, Baldini MG (1982) Platelet-associated complement C3 in immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood 59: 1023

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Myllilä G, Vaheri A, Vesikari T, Penttinen K (1969) Interaction between human blood platelets, viruses and antibodies. Clin Exp Immunol 4: 323

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Nel JD, Stevens K (1980) A new method for the simultaneous quantitation of platelet-bound immunoglobulin (IgG) and complement (C3) employing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedure. Br J Haematol 44: 281

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Newman SL, Musson RA, Henson PM (1980) Development of functional complement receptors during in vitro maturation of human monocytes into macrophages. J Immunol 125: 2236

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Nydegger UE, Miescher PA (1975) Immunological mechanisms in drug-induced blood dyscrasias. J Clin Pathol [Suppl] 28: 46

    Google Scholar 

  85. Nydegger UE, Fearon DT, Austen KF (1978) Amosomal locus regulates inverse relationship between sialic acid content capacity of mouse erythrocytes to activate the human alternative complement pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: 6078

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Okada H, Tanaka H, Okada N (to be published) Prevention of complement activation on the homologous cell membrane of nucleated cells as well as erythrocytes.

  87. Packman CH, Rosenfeld SL Jenkins DE Jr, Thiems PA, Leddy JP (1979) Complement lysis of human erythrocytes differing susceptibility of two types of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria cells to C5b-9. J Clin Invest 64: 428

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Parker CJ, Baker PJ, Rosse WF (1982) Increased enzymatic activity of the alternative pathway convertase when bound to the erythrocytes of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. J Clin Invest 69: 337

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Perrin LH, Joseph BS, Cooper NR, Oldstone MBA (1976) Mechanism of injury of virus-infected cells by antiviral antibody and complement. Participation of IgG F(ab)2 in alternative complement pathway activation. J Exp Med 143: 1027

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Petz LD (1980) Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia. Clin Haematol 9: 455

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Platts-Mills TAE, Ishizaka K (1974) Activation of the alternative pathway of human complement by rabbit cells. J Immunol 113: 348

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Polley MJ, Nachmann RL (1981) The human complement system in thrombin-mediated platelet function. In: Gordon JI (ed) Platelets in biology and pathology 2. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 309

    Google Scholar 

  93. Rand ML, Greenberg JP, Packham MA, Mustard JF (1981) Density and subpopulations of rabbit platelets: Size, protein, and sialic acid content, and specific radioactivity charges following labeling with35S-sulfate in vivo. Blood 57: 741

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Ronault TA, Rosse WF, Bell S, Shelburne J (1978) Differences in the terminal steps of complement lysis of normal and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria red cells. Blood 51: 325

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Rosenfeld SI, Packman CH, Leddy JP (1983) Inhibition of the lytic action of cell-bound terminal complement components by human high density lipoproteins and apoproteins. J Clin Invest 71: 795

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Rosse WF (1973) Variations in the red cells in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Br J Haematol 24: 327

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Rosse WF, Logue GL, Adams J, Crookston JH (1974) Mechanisms of immune lysis of the red cells in hereditary erythroblastic multinuclearity with a positive acidified serum test and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. J Clin Invest 53: 31

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Rustagi PK, Kazie MS, Logue GL (1982) Activation of human complement by immunoglobulin G antigranulocytic antibody. J Clin Invest 70: 1137

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Salama A, Bhakdi S, Mueller-Eckhardt C, Kayser W (1983) Deposition of the terminal C5b-9 complement complex on erythrocytes by human red cell autoantibodies. Br J Haematol 55: 155

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Schmid FR, Roitt IM, Rocha MJ (1970) Complement fixation by a two component antibodysystem: Immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M antiglobulin (rheumatoid factor). Paradoxical effect related to immunoglobulin G concentration. J Exp Med 132: 673

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Schopf RE, Hammann KP, Schreiner O, Lemmel EM, Dietrich MP (1982) Activation of human monocytes by both humanβ1H and C3b. Immunology 46: 307

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Schreiber AD (1977) An experimental model of immune hemolytic anemia, pp 211–213 in Frank, M.M. (moderator): Pathophysiology of immune hemolytic anemia. Ann Intern Med 87: 210

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Shulman NR (1958) Immunoreaction involving platelets. I. A steric and kinetic model for formation of a complex from a human antibody, quinidine as a haptene and platelets, and for fixation of complement by the complex. J Exp Med 107: 665

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Shulman NR, Sheagren JN (1970) Hematologic complication. In: Neva FA (ed) Malaria: Host defense mechanisms and complicators. Ann Intern Med 73: 295

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Skubitz KM, Craddock PR (1981) Reversal of hemodialysis granulocytopenia and pulmonary leukostasis. A clinical manifestation of selective downregulation of granulocytes to C5a des arg. J Clin Invest 67: 1383

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Spiegelberg HA (1974) Biological activities of immunoglobulins of different classes and subclasses. Adv Immunol 19: 259

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Spycher MO, Gross B, Nydegger UE (1983) Die Bindung von IgG and Aggregaten davon an menschlichen Thrombozyten (Tc) kann durch Verwendung von Deoxyglucose und Antimycin A zur Sättigung gebracht werden. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 113: 1469

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Valone FH, Austen KF, Götze EJ (1979) Identification of the platelet activating activity in rheumatoid symonical fluid as an intermediate molecular weight, complex of IgG. J Immunol 122: 703

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Van Oss CJ, Absolom DR (1983) Zeta potentials, van der Waals forces and hemagglutination. Vox Sang 44: 183

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Veenhoven WA, van der Schans GS, Nieweg HO (1980) Platelet antibodies in idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura. Clin Exp Immunol 39: 645

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Wells JV, Ries CA (1980) Hematologic diseases. Fudenberg HH, Sites DP, Caldwell JL, Wells JV (eds) Basic and clinical immunology, 3rd edn. Lange Medical Publications, p 473

  112. Woodruff AW, Ansdell VE, Pettitt LE (1979) Cause of anemia in malaria. Lancet 1: 1055

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Yamamoto K, Gewurz H (1978) The complex of C5b and C6: Isolation, characterization, and identification of a modified form of C5b consisting of three polypeptide chains. J Immunol 120: 2008

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Ziccardi RJ, Cooper NR (1976) Activation of C1r by proteolytic cleavage. J Immunol 116: 504

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Ziccardi RJ (1983) The first component of human complement (C1): Activation and control. Springer Semin Immunopathol 6: 213–230

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Zimmermann TS, Kolb WP (1976) Human platelet-initiated formation and uptake of the C5b-9 complex of human complement. J Clin Invest 57: 203

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Nydegger, U.E., Kazatchkine, M.D. The role of complement in immune clearance of blood cells. Springer Semin Immunopathol 6, 373–398 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02116281

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02116281

Keywords

Navigation