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Gravitational energy in the expanding universe

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Abstract

The role of gravitational energy in the evolution of the universe is examined. In co-moving coordinates, calculation of the Landau-Lifshitz pseudotensor for FRW models reveals that: (i) the total energy of a spatially closed universe irrespective of the equation of state of the cosmic fluid is zero at all times, (ii) the total energy enclosed within any finite volume of the spatially flat universe is zero at all times, (iii) during inflation the vacuum energy driving the accelerated expansion and ultimately responsible for the creation of matter (radiation) in the universe, is drawn from the energy of the gravitational field. In a similar fashion, certain cosmological models which abandon adiabaticity by allowing for particle creation, use the gravitational energy directly as an energy source.

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Author notes

  1. V. B. Johri

    Present address: Cosmology Group, Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. GP-B, W.W.Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, 94305, Stanford, California, USA

    V. B. Johri, D. Kalligas & C. W. F. Everitt

  2. Cosmology Group, Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India

    G. P. Singh

  3. Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, 94305, Stanford, California, USA

    D. Kalligas

Authors
  1. V. B. Johri
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  2. D. Kalligas
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  3. G. P. Singh
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  4. C. W. F. Everitt
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Johri, V.B., Kalligas, D., Singh, G.P. et al. Gravitational energy in the expanding universe. Gen Relat Gravit 27, 313–318 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02109127

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02109127

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