Abstract
Laboratory and field studies on aphid damage in wheat are described. Both direct and indirect effects of aphids on the behaviour of the crop were studied. In the laboratory a clear effect of honeydew and yeasts on photosynthesis was found. This effect could not be demonstrated under field conditions, since even at yield loss levels of 700 kg ha−1 the size of this effect may be undetectable with crop enclosures reaching an accuracy of 10%. The effect of honeydew on ageing, measured in the laboratory trials was also found in the field and may form a major cause of the yield losses found in the field. Yield losses under field conditions reached 700 kg ha−1 and were for 72% due to direct sucking damage of the 35 aphids, found maximally per culm, and direct and indirect honeydew effects. Saprophytic and possibly also some necrotrophic fungi caused 28% of the yield losses. The exact contribution of each of the damage factors was not revealed but it was demonstrated that direct and indirect effects contribute to the final yield losses.
Samenvatting
Laboratorium- en veldproeven over de schade door bladluizen in tarwe worden beschreven. Een analyse van de directe en indirecte effecten van bladluizen op de groei van het gewas werd verricht. In het laboratorium werd een duidelijk effect van honingdauw en gisten op de fotosynthese gevonden. Dit effect kon niet worden gedemonstreerd in het veld, hetgeen waarschijnlijk wordt veroorzaakt door de orde van grootte van dit effect dat valt binnen de meetfout van de gewasfotosyntheseapparatuur.
Het effect van honingdauw op veroudering, dat in het laboratorium werd vastgesteld, kon ook worden aangetoond in het veld en is waarschijnlijk een van de hoofdoorzaken van de oogstverliezen. Deze oogstverliezen in het veld bedroegen 700 kg ha−1 bij een maximale dichtheid van 35 bladluizen per halm en werden voor 72% veroorzaakt door direct zuigsschade en honingdauweffecten. Van de totale schade werd 28% veroorzaakt door saprofytische en wellicht ook door enige necrotrofe schimmels. De precieze bijdrage van ieder van de schadefactoren tot de schade werd niet vastgesteld, maar de wijze waarop directe en indirecte effecten hun bijdrage leverden aan de uiteindelijke oogstverliezen werd zichtbaar gemaakt.
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Rabbinge, R., Drees, E.M., van der Graaf, M. et al. Damage effects of cereal aphids in wheat. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 87, 217–232 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02084437
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02084437