Abstract
Cucurbita pepo plants were infected with zucchini yellow mosaic virus or maintained noninfected.Aphis gossypii, which transmits the virus, lived longer and produced more offspring on infected than on noninfected plants. On infected plants, the intrinsic rate of natural increase forA. gossypii increased with time after inoculation. In a similar experiment, concentrations of phloem sap nutrients, including free amino acids, total protein, and sugars from infected and noninfected plants were compared for 37 days after inoculation. Significant differences in levels of individual amino acids from phloem exudate between infected and noninfected plants were found, yet the concentration of total amino acids was not substantially different between infected and noninfected plants. Beginning four days after inoculation, the total protein content of phloem exudate generally was lower in infected plants than noninfected plants. Likewise, the total sugar content of phloem exudate from infected plants was lower than that of noninfected plants beginning nine days after inoculation. In contrast with the results from analyses of phloem exudate, foliage from infected plants had higher levels of almost all amino acids than noninfected foliage beginning nine days after inoculation. Concentrations of individual and total amino acids in infected foliage increased throughout the experimental period. Although no temporal effects were observed in the foliage sugar content for either individual or total sugars, starch content decreased with time in infected plants, while in noninfected plants, starch content remained level.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adlerz, W.C. 1987. Cucurbit potyvirus transmission by alate aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) trapped alive.J. Econ. Entomol. 80:87–92.
Antoniw, J.F., White, R.F., andXie, W. 1989. Cryptic viruses of beets and other plants, pp. 273–286,in R.S.S. Fraser (ed.). Recognition and Response in Plant-Virus Interactions. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Auclair, L.J., Maltais, J.B., andCartier, J.J. 1957. Factors in resistance of peas to the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum Harr. Homoptera: Aphididae. II. Amino acids.Can. Entomol. 89:457–464.
Birch, L.C. 1948. The intrinsic rate of natural increase of an insect population.J. Anim. Ecol. 17:15–26.
Blackman, R.L., andEastop, V.F. 1984. Aphids on the World's Crops: An Identification and Information Guide. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Blua, M.J., andPerring, T.M. 1992a. Alatae production and population increase of aphid vectors on virus-infected host plants.Oecologia 92:65–70.
Blua, M.J., andPerring, T.M. 1992b. Effects of zucchini yellow mosaic virus on colonization and feeding behavior ofAphis gossypii (Homoptera: Aphididae) alatae.Environ. Entomol. 21:578–585.
Carter, C.I., andCole, J. 1977. Flight regulation in the green spruce aphidElatobium abietinum.Ann. Appl. Biol. 86:137–151.
Castle, S.J., Perring, T.M., Farrar, C.A., andKishaba, A.N. 1992. Field and laboratory transmission of watermelon mosaic virus 2 and zucchini yellow mosaic virus by various aphid species.Phytopathology 82:235–240.
Ehrhardt, P. 1962. Untersuchungen zur Stoffwechselphysiologie vonMegoura viciae Buckt., einer phloemsaugenden Aphide.Z. Vg. Physiol. 46:169–211.
Eschrich, W., Evert, R.F., andHeyser, W. 1971. Proteins of the sieve-tube exudate ofCucurbita maxima.Planta 100:208–221.
Febvay, G., Bonnin, J., Rahbé, Y., Bournoville, R., Delrot, S., andBonnemain, J.L. 1988. Resistance of different lucerne cultivars to the pea aphidAcyrthosiphon pisum: Influence of phloem composition on aphid fecundity.Entomol. Exp. Appl. 48:127–134.
Fereres, A., Blua, M.J., andPerring, T.M. 1992. Retention and transmission characteristics of zucchini yellow mosaic virus byAphis gossypii andMyzus persicae Homoptera: Aphididae.J. Econ. Entomol. 85:759–765.
Fisher, D.B., andFrame, J.M. 1984. A guide to the use of exuding-stylet technique in phloem physiology.Planta 161:385–393.
Fraser, R.S.S. 1987. Biochemistry of Virus-Infected Plants. Research Studies Press, Letchworth, U.K.
Goodman, R.N., Király, Z., andWood, K.R. 1986. The Biochemistry and Physiology of Plant Disease. University of Missouri Press, Columbia.
Hammond, A.M., andHardy, T.N. 1988. Quality of diseased plants as hosts for insects, pp. 381–432,in E.A. Heinricks (ed.). Plant Stress-Insect Interactions. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Harris, K.F. 1977. An ingestion-egestion hypothesis of noncirculative virus transmission, pp. 165–220,in K.F. Harris and K. Maramorosch (eds.). Aphids as Virus Vectors. Academic Press, New York.
Havlícková, H. 1987. Behavior and reproduction of cereal aphids in relation to changes in the content of water and free amino acids in wheat during the growing season.J. Appl. Entomol. 103:142–147.
Jansson, R.K., Elliott, G.C., Smilowitz, Z., andCole, R.H. 1987. Influence of cultivar maturity time and foliar nitrogen on population growth ofMyzus persicae on potato.Entomol. Exp. Appl. 43:297–300.
Jensen, S.G. 1972. Metabolism and carbohydrate composition in barley yellow dwarf virus-infected wheat.Phytopathology 62:587–592.
Kennedy, G.G., andKishaba, A.N. 1976. Bionomics ofAphis gossypii on resistant and susceptible cantaloupe.Environ. Entomol. 5:357–361.
Klingauf, F.A. 1987. Host plant finding and acceptance, pp. 209–223,in A.K. Minks and P. Harrewijn (eds.). Aphids, Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Elsevier, New York.
Leal, N., andLastra, R. 1984. Altered metabolism of tomato plants infected with tomato yellow mosaic virus.Physiol. Plant Pathol. 24:1–8.
Leckstein, P.M., andLlewellyn, M. 1973. Effect of dietary amino acids on the size and alary polymorphism ofAphis fabae.J. Insect Physiol. 119:973–980.
Lisa, V., andLecoq, H. 1984. Zucchini yellow mosaic virus No. 282,in Descriptions of Plant Viruses Commonwealth. Mycological Institute/Association of Applied Biology, Kew, U.K.
Madore, M.A., Mitchell, D.E., andBoyd, C.M. 1988. Stachyose synthesis in source leaf tissues of the CAM plantXerosicyos danguyi H Humb.Plant Physiol. 87:588–591.
Markkula, M., andLaurema, S. 1964. Changes in the concentration of free amino acids in plants induced by virus diseases and the reproduction of aphids.Ann. Agric. Fenn. 3:265–271.
Mitchell, D.D., Gadus, M.V., andMadore, M.A. 1992. Patterns of assimilate production and translocation in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.).Plant Physiol. 99:959–965.
Parry, W.H. 1977. The effects of nutrition and density on the production of alateElatobium abietinum on sitka spruce.Oecologia 30:367–375.
Richardson, P.T., Baker, D.A., andHo, L.C. 1982. The chemical composition of cucurbit vascular exudates.J. Exp. Bot. 33:1239–1247.
SAS Institute. 1985. SAS Users Guide: Statistics. SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina.
Srivastava, P.N. 1987. Nutritional physiology, pp. 99–121,in A.K. Minks and P. Harrewijn (eds.). Aphids, Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Elsevier, New York.
Tallamy, D.W. 1985. Squash beetles feeding behavior: An adaptation against induced cucurbit defenses.Ecology 66:1574–1579.
van Emden, H.F., andBashford, M.A. 1971. The performance ofBrevicoryne brassicae andMyzus persicae in relation to plant age and leaf amino acids.Entomol. Exp. Appl. 14:349–360.
Ward, G.N. 1973. Calcium deficiency symptoms in greenhouse cucumbers.Can. J. Plant Sci. 53:849–856.
Weibull, J. 1987. Seasonal changes in the free amino acids of oats and barley phloem sap in relation to plant growth stage and growth ofRhopalosiphum padi.Ann. Appl. Biol. 111:729–737.
Weibull, J. 1988. Free amino acids in the phloem sap from oats and barley resistant toRhopalosiphum padi.Phytochemistry 27:2069–2072.
Weibull, J., andMelin, G. 1990. Free amino acid content of phloem sap fromBrassica plants in relation to performance ofLipaphis erysimi (Hemiptera: Aphididae).Ann. Appl. Biol. 116:417–423.
Weibull, J., Ronquist, F., andBrishammar, S. 1990. Free amino acid composition of leaf exudates and phloem sap, a comparative study in oats and barley.Plant Physiol. 92:222–226.
Wyatt, I.J., andBrown, S.J. 1977. The influence of light intensity, daylength and temperature on increase rates of four glasshouse aphids.J. Appl. Ecol. 14:391–399.
Yang, C.Y., andSepulveda, F.I. 1985. Separation of phenylthiocarbamyl amino acids by high-performance liquid chromatography on spherisorb octadecylsilane columns.J. Chromatogr. 346:413–416.
Ziegler, H. 1975. Nature of transported substances, pp. 59–100,in M.H. Zimmermann and J.A. Milburn (eds.). Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series, Vol. 1, Transport in Plants I, Phloem Transport. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Blua, M.J., Perring, T.M. & Madore, M.A. Plant virus-induced changes in aphid population development and temporal fluctuations in plant nutrients. J Chem Ecol 20, 691–707 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02059607
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02059607