Skip to main content
Log in

The structure of flagella and the genetic control of flagellation in Eubacteriales. A review

  • Published:
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  • Abram, D. andKoffler, H. 1963. The substructure of bacterial flagella and thein vitro formation of flagellum-like filaments from flagellin. J. Cell Biol.19: 3A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abram, D. andKoffler, H. 1964.In vitro formation of flagella-like filaments and other structures from flagellin. J. Mol. Biol.9: 168–185.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abram, D., Koffler, H. andVatter, A. E. 1966. Some structural features of bacterial flagella. J. Gen. Microbiol.44:v.

  • Abram, D., Vatter, A. E. andKoffler, H. 1966. Attachment and structural features of flagella of certain bacilli. J. Bacteriol.91: 2045–2068.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ada, G. L., Nossal, G. J. V., Pye, J. andAbbot, A. 1963. Behaviour of active bacterial antigens during the induction of the immune response, (1) Properties of flagellar antigens fromSalmonella. Nature199: 1257–1259.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ada, G. L., Nossal, G. J. V., Pye, J. andAbbot, A. 1964. Antigens in immunity. I. Preparation and properties of flagellar antigens fromSalmonella adelaide. Australian J. Exptl. Biol. Med. Sci.42: 267–282.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ambler, R. P. andRees, M. W. 1959. ε-N-Methyl-lysine in bacterial flagellar protein. Nature184: 56–57.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andrewes, F. W. 1922. Studies on group agglutination. J. Pathol. Bacteriol.25:515–521.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong, J. B. andAdler, J. 1967. Genetics of motility inEscherichia coli: complementation of paralyzed mutants. Genetics56: 363–373.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asakura, S., Eguchi, G. andIino, T. 1964. The reconstitution of bacterial flagellain vitro. J. Mol. Biol.10: 42–56.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Astbury, W. T., Beighton, E. andWeibull, C. 1955. The structure of bacterial flagella, p. 282–305.In Fibrous proteins and their biological significance. Symp. Soc. Exptl. Biol.9.

  • Burge, R. E. 1961. The structure of bacterial flagella: the packing of the polypeptide chains within a flagellum. Proc. Roy. Soc. A260: 558–583.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coetzee, J. N. 1963. Transduction of swarming inProteus mirabilis. J. Gen. Microbiol.33:1–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Craigie, J. 1931. Studies on the serological reactions of the flagella ofB. typhosus. J. Immunol.21: 417–511.

    Google Scholar 

  • Das, J. andChatterjee, S. N. 1966. Electron microscopic studies of some ultrastructural aspects ofVibrio cholerae. Indian J. Med. Res.54: 330–338.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Robertis, E. andFranchi, C. M. 1951. Electron microscopic observations on the fine structure of bacterial flagella. Exptl. Cell Res.2: 295–296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, P. R., Sakazaki, R. andKato, I. 1962. Natural occurrence of four reversible flagellar phases in cultures ofSalmonella mikawashima. J. Bacteriol.84:99–103.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enomoto, M. 1965. Slow motile mutant inSalmonella typhimurium. J. Bacteriol.90: 1696–1702.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enomoto, M. 1966a. Genetic studies of paralyzed mutants inSalmonella. I. Genetic fine structure of themot loci inSalmonella typhimurium. Genetics54: 715–726.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enomoto, M. 1966b. Genetic studies of paralyzed mutants inSalmonella. 2. Mapping of threemot loci by linkage analysis. Genetics54: 1069–1076.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enomoto, M. andIino., T. 1966. The comparison of normal and curly flagella inSalmonella abortus-equi by two-dimensional separation of peptides. Japan. J. Genetics41: 131–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fitz-James, P. C. 1960. Participation of the cytoplasmic membrane in the growth and spore formation of bacilli. J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol.8: 507–528.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Follett, E. A. C. andGordon, J. 1963. An electron microscope study ofVibrio flagella. J. Gen. Microbiol.32: 235–239.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frankel, R. W. andJoys, T. M. 1966. Adsorption specificity of bacteriophage PBSI. J. Bacteriol.92: 388–389.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Furness, G. 1958. The transfer of motility and tyrosine requirement toEscherichia coli strain B by recombination withE. coli strain K 12. J. Gen. Microbiol.18: 782–786.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerber, B. R. andNoguchi, H. 1967. Volume change associated with the G-F transformation of flagellin. J. Mol. Biol.26: 197–210.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glauert, A. M., Kerridge, D. andHorne, R. W. 1963. The fine structure and mode of attachment of the sheathed flagellum ofVibrio metchnikovii. J. Cell Biol.18: 327–336.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greenbury, C. L. andMoore, D. H. 1966. The mechanism of bacterial immobilization by anti-flagellar IgG antibody. Immunology11: 617–625.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoeniger, J. F. M. 1965a. Influence of pH onProteus flagella. J. Bacteriol.90: 275–277.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoeniger, J. F. M. 1965b. Development of flagella byProteus mirabilis. J. Gen. Microbiol.40: 29–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoeniger, J. F. M., van Iterson, W. andNijman van Zanten, E. 1966. Basal bodies of bacterial flagella inProteus mirabilis. II. Electron microscopy of negatively stained material. J. Cell Biol.31: 603–618.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iino, T. 1961. Anomalous homology of flagellar phases inSalmonella. Genetics46: 1471–1474.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iino, T. 1962a. Antigenic phases inSalmonella. Japan. J. Med. Sci. Biol.15: 228–230.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iino, T. 1962b. Curly flagellar mutants inSalmonella. J. Gen. Microbiol.27: 167–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iino, T. 1964. Genetical studies ofSalmonella flagella. Japan. J. Genetics39: 313–335 (text in Japanese, English summary and tables).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iino, T. andEnomoto, M. 1966. Genetical studies of non-flagellate mutants ofSalmonella. J. Gen. Microbiol.43: 315–327.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iino, T. andLederberg, J. 1964. Genetics ofSalmonella, p. 111–142.In E. van Oye, [ed.], The world problem of Salmonellosis. Dr. W. Junk, The Hague.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Iino, T. andMitani, M. 1966. Flagella-shape mutants inSalmonella. J. Gen. Microbiol.44: 27–40.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Iterson, W. 1953. Some remarks on the present state of our knowledge of bacterial flagellation, p. 24–48.In Bacterial Cytology, 1st Symp., Intern. Congr. Microbiol. 6th, Rome.

  • van Iterson, W. andLeene, W. 1964. A cytochemical localization of reductive sites in a gram-positive bacterium. Tellurite reduction inBacillus subtilis. J. Cell Biol.20: 361–375.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Iterson, W., Hoeniger, J. F. M. andNijman van Zanten, E. 1966. Basal bodies of bacterial flagella inProteus mirabilis. I. Electron microscopy of sectioned material. J. Cell Biol.31: 585–601.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jahn, T. L. andBovee, E. C. 1965. Movement and locomotion of microorganisms. Ann. Rev. Microbiol.19: 21–58.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joys, T. M. 1961. Mutation of flagellar antigeni inSalmonella typhimurium. Ph. D. Thesis, University of London.

  • Joys, T. M. 1965. Correlation between susceptibility to bacteriophage PBSI and motility inBacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol.90: 1575–1577.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joys, T. M. andFrankel, R. W. 1967. Genetic control of flagellation inBacillus subtills. J. Bacteriol.94: 32–37.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joys, T. M. andStocker, B. A. D. 1963. Mutation and recombination of flagellar antigeni ofSalmonella typhimurium. Nature197: 413–414.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joys, T. M. andStocker, B. A. D. 1965. Complementation of non-flagellateSalmonella mutants. J. Gen. Microbiol.41: 47–55.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joys, T. M. andStocker, B. A. D. 1966. Isolation and serological analysis of mutant forms of flagellar antigeni ofSalmonella typhimurium. J. Gen. Microbiol.44: 121–138.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keeler, R. F., Ritchie, A. E., Bryner, J. H. andElmore, J. 1966. The preparation and characterization of cell walls and the preparation of flagella ofVibrio fetus. J. Gen. Microbiol.43: 439–454.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kerridge, D. 1960. The effect of inhibitors on the formation of flagella bySalmonella typhimurium. J. Gen. Microbiol.23: 519–538.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kerridge, D. 1961. The effect of environment on the formation of bacterial flagella, p. 41–68.In Microbial reaction to environment. Symp. Soc. Gen. Microbiol.II.

  • Kerridge, D. 1963. Flagellar synthesis inSalmonella typhimurium; the incorporation of isotopically labelled amino acids into flagellin. J. Gen. Microbiol.33: 63–76.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kerridge, D. 1966. Flagellar synthesis inSalmonella typhimurium: factors affecting the formation of the flagellar ɛ-N-Methyllysine. J. Gen. Microbiol.42: 71–82.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kerridge, D., Horne, R. W. andGlauert, A. M. 1962. Structural components of flagella fromSalmonella typhimurium. J. Mol. Biol.4: 227–238.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi, T., Rinker, J. N. andKoffler, H. 1959. Purification and chemical properties of flagellin. Arch. Biochem. Biophys.84: 342–362.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koffler, H. 1957. Protoplasmic differences between mesophiles and thermophiles. Bacteriol. Rev.21: 227–240.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koffler, H., Mallet, G. E. andAdye, J. 1957. Molecular basis of biological stability to high temperatures. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S.43: 464–477.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lederberg, J. 1961. A duplication of the H1 (flagellar antigen) locus inSalmonella. Genetics46: 1475–1481.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lederberg, J. andIino, T. 1956. Phase variation inSalmonella. Genetics41: 744–757.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowy, J. andHanson, J. 1965. Electron microscope studies of bacterial flagella. J. Mol. Biol.11: 293–313.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mäkelä, P. H. 1964. Genetic homologies between flagellar antigens ofEscherichia coli andSalmonella abony. J. Gen. Microbiol.35: 503–510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez, R. J. 1963a. A method for the purification of bacterial flagella by ion exchange chromatography. J. Gen. Microbiol.33: 115–120.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez, R. J. 1963b. On the chemistry of flagella ofSpirillum scrpens. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.12: 180–183.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez, R. J. andGordee, E. Z. 1966. Formation of bacterial flagella. J. Bacteriol.91: 870–875.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez, R. J., Brown, D. M. andGlazer, A. N. 1967. The formation of bacterial flagella. III. Characterization of the subunits of the flagella ofBacillus subtilis andSpirillum serpens. J. Mol. Biol.28: 45–51.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsumoto, H. andTazaki, T. 1967. Latent H locus in non-motileEscherichia coli. Japan. J. Microbiol.11: 13–23.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDonough, M. W. 1962. Tryptic peptide maps of mutantSalmonella flagellins. Biochem. J.84: 114P.

  • McDonough, M. W. 1965. Amino acid composition of antigenically distinctSalmonella flagellar proteins. J. Mol. Biol.12: 342–355.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meynell, E. W. 1961. A phage, φx, which attacks motile bacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol.25: 253–290.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitani, M. andIino, T. 1965. Electron microscopy of bundled flagella of the curly mutant ofSalmonella abortivoequina. J. Bacteriol.90: 1096–1101.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nasser, D. andKoffler, H. 1963. The nature of the lesion in DNA-transformable, non-flagellated cells ofBacillus subtilis. Bacteriol. Proc.1963: 35.

  • Newton, B. A. andKerridge, D. 1965. Flagellar and ciliary movement in micro-organisms, p. 220–247.In Function and structure in micro-organims. Symp. Soc. Gen. Microbiol. 15.

  • Ørskov, F. andØrskov, I. 1962. Behaviour ofE. coli antigens in sexual recombination. Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand.55: 99–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearce, U. B. 1965. The genetics of some flagellar characters inSalmonella. Ph. D. Thesis, University of London.

  • Poglazov, B. F. 1966. Structure and functions of contractile proteins. Academic Press, London and New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quadling, C. andStocker, B. A. D. 1962. An environmentally-induced transition from the flagellated to the non-flagellated state inSalmonella typhimurium; the fate of parental flagella at cell division. J. Gen. Microbiol.28: 257–270.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes, M. E. 1965. Flagellation as a criterion for the classification of bacteria. Bacteriol. Rev.29: 442–465.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ritchie, A. E., Keeler, R. F. andBryner, J. H. 1966. Anatomical features ofVibrio fetus: electron microscopic survey. J. Gen. Microbiol.43: 427–438.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, F. F. andDoetsch, R. N. 1966. Some singular properties of bacterial flagella, with special reference to monotrichous forms. J. Bacteriol.91: 414–421.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, G. E. andFilshie, B. K. 1963. Some aspects of the ultrastructure of α-keratin, bacterial flagella and feather keratin.In R. Borasky, [ed.], Ultrastructure of protein fibers. Academic Press, New York and London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schade, S. Z. andAdler, J. 1967. Purification and chemistry of bacteriophage χ. J. Virol.1: 591–598.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schade, S. Z., Adler, J. andRis, H. 1967. How bacteriophage χ attacks motile bacteria. J. Virol.1: 599–609.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sertic, V. etBoulgakov, N.-A. 1936. Bactériophages spécifiques pour des variétés bactériennes flagellées. Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol.123: 887–888.

    Google Scholar 

  • Starr, M. P. andWilliams, R. C. 1952. Helical fine structure of flagella of a motile diphtheroid. J. Bacteriol.63: 701–706.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stocker, B. A. D. 1949. Measurements of rate of mutation of flagellar antigenic phase inSalmonella typhi-murium. J. Hyg.47: 398–413.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stocker, B. A. D. 1956a. Bacterial flagella: morphology, constitution and inheritance, p. 19–40.In Bacterial anatomy, Symp. Soc. Gen. Microbiol. 6th.

  • Stocker, B. A. D. 1956b. Abortive transduction of motility inSalmonella: a non-replicated gene transmitted through many generations to a single descendant. J. Gen. Microbiol.15: 575–598.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stocker, B. A. D. andCampbell, J. C. 1959. The effect of non-lethal deflagellation on bacterial motility and observations on flagellar regeneration. J. Gen. Microbiol.20: 670–685.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stocker, B. A. D., McDonough, M. W. andAmbler, R. P. 1961. A gene determining presence or absence of ε-N-methyl-lysine inSalmonella flagellar protein. Nature189: 556–558.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stocker, B. A. D., Zinder, N. D. andLederberg, J. 1953. Transduction of flagellar characters inSalmonella. J. Gen. Microbiol.9: 410–433.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vaituzis, Z. andDoetsch, R. N. 1965. Flagella ofSalmonella typhimurium spheroplasts. J. Bacteriol.89: 1586–1593.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vegotsky, A., Lim, F., Foster, J. F. andKofeler, H. 1965. Disintegration of flagella by acid. Arch. Biochem. Biophys.111: 296–307.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weibull, C. 1948. Some chemical and physico-chemical properties of the flagella ofProteus vulgaris. Biochim. Biophys. Acta2: 351–361.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein, D., Koffler, H. andMoskowitz, M. 1960. Evidence for the intracellular occurrence of flagellar proteins. Bacteriol. Proc.1960: 63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yanofsky, C. 1964. Gene-enzyme relationships, p. 373–417. In I. C. Gunzalus and R. Y. Stanier, [eds.], The Bacteria. Vol. 5. Academic Press, New York and London.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Joys, T.M. The structure of flagella and the genetic control of flagellation in Eubacteriales. A review. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 34, 205–225 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02046432

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02046432

Keywords

Navigation