Abstract
Growth and physiological parameters of black spruce planted eight years previously were compared at sites with and withoutLedum groenlandicum to quantify the adverse effects on black spruce inLedum sites. Tree height, crown diameter, and dry weights of stems, branches, and needles of black spruce were significantly less at theLedum-dominated sites. Annual stem height, basal diameter, growth ring width, and cumulative wood volume of black spruce were significantly reduced in theLedum sites compared to those of the non-Ledum sites. Yearly growth of black spruce in the first seven years after planting was more affected in theLedum site than the eighth year's growth. Foliar nutrient analysis of black spruce in theLedum site showed an overall imbalance in nutrient accumulation. Black spruce growing in theLedum site had higher foliar concentrations of Al, Ca, Fe, Ni, and S and lower concentrations of N and Si than those growing in the non-Ledum site. Black spruce growing in theLedum site also had a higher foliar phenolic content. Preliminary experiments suggest thatLedum has the potential to leach water-soluble phenolics to its immediate organic soil.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alban, D. H., Perala, D. A., andSchlaegel, B. E. 1978. Biomass and nutrient distribution in aspen, pine, and spruce stands on the same soil type in Minnesota.Can. J. For. Res. 8:290–299.
Allen, S. E. 1989. Chemical Analysis of Ecological Materials. Blackwell, Oxford.
Baldwin, K. A., andSims, R. A. 1989. Field Guide to the Common Forest Plants in Northwestern Ontario. Forestry Canada, Ontario, Canada.
Brady, N. C. 1990. The Nature and Properties of Soils, 10th ed. Macmillan, New York.
Chapin, F. S., III, andTryon, P. R. 1983. Habitat and leaf habit as determinants of growth, nutrient absorption, and nutrient use by Alaskan taiga forest species.Can. J. For. Res. 13:818–826.
Comerford, N. B., andFisher, R. F. 1984. Using foliar analysis to classify nitrogen-deficient sites.Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 48:910–913.
Damman, A. W. H. 1971. Effect of vegetation changes on the fertility of a Newfoundland forest site.Ecol. Monogr. 41:253–270.
Einhellig, F. A. 1995. Allelopathy: Current status and future goals, pp. 1–25,in Inderjit, K. M. M. Dakshini, and F. A. Einhellig (eds.) Allelopathy: Organisms, Processes and Applications. ACS Symosium Series 582. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.
Ericsson, A., Nordén, L. G., Näsholm, T., andWalheim, M. 1993. Mineral nutrient imbalances and arginine concentrations in needles ofPicea abies (L.) Karst. from two areas with different levels of airborne deposition.Trees 8:67–74.
Garten, C. T., Jr. 1976. Correlations between concentrations of elements in plants.Nature 261:686–688.
Gimingham, C. H. 1972. Ecology of Heathlands. Chapman and Hall, London.
Inderjit, andDakshini, K. M. M. 1992. Interference potential ofPluchea lanceolata (Asteraceae): Growth and physiological responses ofVigna unguiculata var.sesquipedalis.Am. J. Bot. 79:977–981.
Inderjit, andDakshini, K. M. M. 1995. On laboratory bioassays in allelopathy.Bot. Rev. 61:28–44.
Kim, Y. T., Glerum, C., Stoddart, J., andColombo, S. J. 1987. Effect of fertilization on free amino acid concentrations in black spruce and jack pine containerized seedlings.Can. J. For. Res. 17:27–30.
LaBarron, R. K. 1948. Silvicultural management of black spruce in Minnesota. USDA, Forest Service, Lake States Forest Experiment Station, Circ. No. 791. 60 pp.
Lavender, D. P. 1970. Foliar analysis and how it is used. A review. Oregon State University. Research Note 52. 8 pp.
Madgwick, H. A. I. 1964. Variation in chemical composition of red pine leaves: A comparison of well-grown and poorly grown trees.Forestry 37:87–94.
Mallik, A. U. 1994. Auteological response ofKalmia angustifolia to forest types and disturbance regimes.For. Ecol. Manage. 65:231–249.
Munson, A. D., andTimmer, V. R. 1989a. Site-specific growth and nutrition of plantedPicea mariana in the Ontario Clay Belt. I. Early performance.Can. J. For. Res. 19:162–170.
Munson, A. D., andTimmer, V. R. 1989b. Site-specific growth and nutrition of plantedPicea mariana in the Ontario Clay Belt. II. Effects of nitrogen fertilization.Can. J. For. Res. 19:171–178.
Patrick, Z. A. 1971. Phytotoxic substances associated with decomposition in soil of plant residues.Soil Sci. 111:13–18.
Penning de Varies, F. W. T. 1975. The cost of maintenance processes in plant cells.Ann. Bot. 39:77–92.
Rice, E. L. 1984. Allelopathy, 2nd ed. Academic Press, Orlando, Florida.
Rennie, P. J. 1955. The uptake of nutrient by mature forest growth.Plant Soil 7:49–95.
Shear, C. B., Crane, H. L., andMyers, A. T. 1948. Nutrient-element balance: application of the concept to the interpretation of foliar analysis.Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 51:319–326.
Sims, R. A., Towill, W. D., Baldwin, K. A., andWickware, G. M. 1989. Field Guide to the Forest Ecosystem Classification for Northwestern Ontario. Forestry Canada, Forest Resource Development Agreement, Ontario, Canada.
Soper, J. H., andHeimburger, M. L. 1985. Shrubs of Ontario. Royal Ontario Museum, Alger Press, Ottawa. 495 pp.
Stone, E. L., andWill, G. M. 1965. Nitrogen deficiency of second generation radiata pine in New Zealand, pp. 117–139,in C. T. Youngberg (ed.). 2nd North American Forest Science Confence Proceedings.
Swain, T., andHillis, W. E. 1959. The phenolic constituents ofPrunus domestica. I. The quantitative analysis of phenolic constituents.J. Sci. Food Agric. 10:63–68.
Tang, C. S., Cai, W. F., Kohl, K., andNishimoto, R. K. 1995. Plant stress and allelopathy, pp. 142–157,in Inderjit, K. M. M. Dakshini, and F. A. Einhellig (eds.). Allelopathy: Organisms, Processes and Applications. ACS Symposium Series 582. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.
Van Duk, H. G., andRoelofs, J. G. M. 1988. Effects of excessive ammonium deposition on the nutritional status and condition of pine needles.Physiol. Plant. 73:494–501.
Van den Driessche, R. 1974. Prediction of mineral nutrient status of trees by foliar analysis.Bot. Rev. 40:347–394.
Viereck, L. A. 1983. The effects of fire in the black spruce ecosystems of Alaska and Northern Canada, pp. 201–220,in R. W. Wein and D. A. MacLean (eds.). The role of fire in northern circumpolar ecosystems. John Wiley & Sons, Toronto.
Weetman, G. F., Fournier, R., andBarker, J. 1990. Post-burn nitrogen and phosphorus availability of deep humus soils in coastal British Columbia cedar/hemlock forests and the use of fertilization and salal eradication to restore productivity.Proceedings of North American Forest Soils Conference, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.
Wright, T. W., andWill, G. M. 1958. The nutrient contents of Scots and Corsican pines growing on sand dunes.Forestry 31:13–25.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Inderjit, Mallik, A.U. Growth and physiological responses of Black Spruce (Picea mariana) to sites dominated byLedum groenlandicum . J Chem Ecol 22, 575–585 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02033656
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02033656