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Coronary collateral flow: effect of drugs and perfusion pressure

Über den Einfluß von Pharmaka und des Perfusionsdruckes auf die Kollateraldurchblutung des Herzens

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Summary

In 35 mongrel dogs acute myocardial infarction was produced by ligating the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery and subsequent embolization of the peripheral area of the descending branch with microspheres. Retrograde flow and coronary retrograde pressure were measured before and after embolization as well as after embolization before and during the action of coronary dilating drugs. After embolization, the mean retrograde flow represented the whole coronary collateral flow, and the retrograde pressure equalled the true coronary collateral perfusion pressure. Following embolization, the mean retrograde pressure significantly increased from 20±2 to 69±3 mm Hg, i.e. to 73% of the mean aortic pressure. There was a simultaneous rise in retrograde flow from 3.99±0.78 to 6.19±1.16 ml/(min · 100 g), i.e. 12% of the antegrade perfusion. A significant correlation between coronary collateral flow and collateral perfusion pressure could be demonstrated. The average increase in collateral flow was 1.14 ml/(min · 100 g), i.e. 21 %, when the perfusion pressure rose from 70 to 80 mm Hg.

After drug infusions, a slight increase in coronary collateral flow was observed, provided that the perfusion pressure remained unchanged. This increase was significant after nitroglycerine (+ 13±3 %) and after papaverine (+ 11±5%). When the perfusion pressure decreased, there was a decrease in collateral flow. When, however, under isoproterenol the decreased perfusion pressure was brought back to control level my means of a blood infusion, the collateral flow also increased and was then slightly, but significantly, above control (+ 4%).

It can be concluded that, provided the perfusion pressure remains constant, the application of coronary dilating drugs can slightly improve the coronary collateral flow. This small effect might be of vital importance for the treatment of myocardial infarction. “Myocardial steal” only appeared when the perfusion pressure decreased.

Zusammenfassung

Bei 35 narkotisierten Hunden wurde der Ramus descendens der linken Koronararterie akut unterbunden und das zugehörige Stromgebiet mit Latexpartikeln embolisiert. Der retrograde Fluß und der retrograde Druck wurden vor und nach Embolisation sowie nach der Embolisation vor und während des Einflusses von Koronardilatatoren gemessen. Der retrograde Fluß nach Mikroembolisation entspricht dem wahren Kollateralfluß und der retrograde Druck dem wahren Perfusionsdruck der Kollateralgefäße. Nach Mikroembolisation stieg der retrograde Druck signifikant von 20±2 auf 69±3 mm Hg, das entspricht 73% des mittleren Aortendruckes. Gleichzeitig stieg der retrograde Fluß von 3,99±0,78 auf 6,19±1,16 ml/(min · 100 g), das sind 12% der antegraden Durchblutung. Der durchschnittliche Anstieg der Kollateraldurchblutung betrug 1,14 ml/(min. · 100 g), das sind + 21%, bei einer Zunahme des Perfusionsdruckes von 70 auf 80 mm Hg.

Unter der Applikation von Koronardilatatoren konnte ein geringer Anstieg der Kollateraldurchblutung beobachtet werden, vorausgesetzt, daß der Perfusionsdruck unverändert blieb. Dieser Anstieg war unter Nitroglycerin, (+ 13 ±3%) und unter Papaverin (+11±5%) signifikant. Die Kollateraldurchblutung nahm ab, wenn der Perfusionsdruck unter dem Einfluß des Pharmakons abfiel. Wurde der unter Isoproterenol gesunkene Perfusionsdruck mittels Bluttransfusion wieder auf den Ausgangswert angehoben, so stieg die Kollateraldurchblutung wieder an und lag dann mit +4% gering, aber signifikant über dem Ausgangswert.

Aufgrund dieser Befunde kann geschlossen werden, daß Koronardilatatoren die Kollateraldurchblutung geringgradig verbessern können unter der Voraussetzung, daß der Perfusionsdruck nicht absinkt. Dieser geringe pharmakologische Effekt könnte jedoch von entscheidender Bedeutung bei der Behandlung des Myokardinfarktes sein. Ein “myocardial steal” tritt nur bei einem Abfall des Perfusionsdruckes ein.

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With 2 figures and 3 tables

Supported by a grant of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Sonderforschungsbereich 30, Kardiologie, Düsseldorf.

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Diemer, H.P., Wichmann, J. & Lochner, W. Coronary collateral flow: effect of drugs and perfusion pressure. Basic Res Cardiol 72, 332–343 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02023593

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