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The selective inhibition of mucopolysaccharide synthesis by vitamin a treatment of cultured chick embryo chondrocytes

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Abstract

The effect of vitamin A on the synthesis of acid mucopolysaccharides has been studiedin vitro in cell cultures of chick embryo sternal chondrocytes. Vitamin A produces a concentration-dependent inhibition of acid mucopolysaccharide synthesis. the inhibitory effect of vitamin A on acid mucopolysaccharide synthesis is not the result of a general cytotoxicity, since, under the conditions studied here, while there is over a 50% inhibition of mucopolysaccharide synthesis, the incorporation of leucine into acid insoluble material or the synthesis of collagen is unaltered. Lysosomal activation does not appear to be involved in the inhibition of sulfate incorporation, since E-amino caproic acid (a protease inhibitor) and chloroquine (a lysosomal membrane stabilizer) do not reverse this inhibition. In addition, enhanced polysaccharide breakdown is too small to account for vitamin A-inhibited sulfate incorporation. The effect of vitamin A is not readily reversed and chondrocytes become fibroblastic after a 24 hour treatment with 3 μg/ml of vitamin A. Because the incorporation of glucose into polysaccharides is inhibited faster than glucosamine or sulfate, it is suggested that vitamin A acts by an unknown mechanism to inhibit a step early in the pathway for mucopolysaccharide biosynthesis.

Résumé

L'effet de la vitamine A sur la synthèse des mucopolysaccharides acides a été étudiéin vitro dans des cultures cellulaires de chondrocytes sternaux d'embryons de poulets. La vitamine A provoque une inhibition, liée à la concentration, de la synthèse des mucopolysaccharides acides. L'effet d'inhibition de la vitamine A sur la synthèse des mucopolysaccharides acides n'est pas la conséquence d'une cytotoxicité générale, étant donné que dans les conditions utilisées, provoquant une inhibition de 50% de la synthèse mucopolysaccharidique, l'incorporation de leucine en matériel insoluble acide ou la synthèse de collagène n'est pas altérée. L'activation des lysosomes ne semblent pas intervenir dans l'inhibition de l'incorporation de sulfate, étant donné que l'acide E-amino caproique (un inhibiteur protéique) et la chloroquine (un stabilisateur de membrane des lysosomes) n'inversent pas cette inhibition. En plus, l'augmentation de la dégénérescence polysaccharidique est trop faible pour rendre compte de l'incorporation de sulfate inhibé par la vitamine A. L'action de la vitamine A n'est pas facilement modifiée et les chondrocytes deviennent fibroblastiques après 24 heures de traitement avec 3 μg/ml de vitamine A. Etant donné que l'incorporation de glucose en polysaccharides est plus rapidement inhibée que la glucosamine ou sulfate, il semble que la vitamine A agit par un mécanisme inconnu pour inhiber une étape préliminaire de la biosynthèse des mucopolysaccharides.

Zusammenfassung

Die Wirkung von Vitamin A auf die Synthese von sauren Mucopolysacchariden wurde in vitro in Zellkulturen von Chondrocyten aus dem Sternum von Kükenembryonen studiert. Vitamin A verursacht eine Konzentrations-abhängige Hemmung der Synthese saurer Mucopolysaccharide. Die Hemmwirkung von Vitamin A auf die Synthese saurer Mucopolysaccharide ist nicht die Folge einer allgemeinen Cytotoxicität, denn unter den hier untersuchten Bedingungen besteht wohl eine über 50%ige Hemmung der Mucopolysaccharid-Synthese, aber weder der Einbau von Leucin in Säure-unlösliches Material noch die Collagensynthese werden verändert. Eine Lysosomen-Aktivierung scheint an der Hemmung des Sulfateinbaus nicht beteiligt zu sein, da E-Aminocapron-Säure (ein Hemmstoff der Protease) und Chloroquin (ein Stabilisator der Lysosomen-Membran) diese Hemmung nicht aufheben. Außerdem ist der erhöhte Polysaccharid-Abbau zu gering, um als Ursache für einen durch Vitamin A gehemmten Sulfateinbau in Betracht zu kommen. Die Wirkung von Vitamin A läßt sich nicht leicht rückgängig machen und die Chondrocyten werden nach einer 24 stündigen Behandlung mit 3 μg Vitamin A/ml fibroblastisch. Da der Glucoseeinbau durch die Polysaccharide schneller gehemmt wird als derjenige von Glucosamin oder Sulfat, wird vermutet, daß Vitamin A durch einen unbekannten Mechanismus eine frühe Stufe im Verlauf der Mucopolysaccharid-Biosynthese hemmt.

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Solursh, M., Meier, S. The selective inhibition of mucopolysaccharide synthesis by vitamin a treatment of cultured chick embryo chondrocytes. Calc. Tis Res. 13, 131–142 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02015403

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