Skip to main content
Log in

Phyllosphere yeasts antagonize penetration from appressoria and subsequent infection of maize leaves by Colletotrichum graminicola

  • Published:
Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In growth cabinet experiments, the common phyllosphere yeastsSporobolomyces roseus andCryptococcus laurentii var.flavescens were sprayed as a mixture (1∶1) onto the fourth leaves of maize plants (Zea mays) two-three days prior to inoculation withColletotrichum graminicola. In four experiments the average yeast population of the treated leaves at the time of pathogen inoculation varied between 5× 104 and 8× 105 cells cm−2 leaf, whereas on the untreated leaves the yeast population varied from <103 to 104 cells cm−2 leaf. The yeasts reduced lesion density and necrosis fromC. graminicola infection by approximately 50%. Contrary to findings with other necrotrophic pathogens, conidial germination, superficial mycelial growth and appressorium formation were not affected. Instead, the reduction of infection could only be explained by a reduced number of penetrations from the normally formed appressoria, a site of interaction not previously recorded.

Samenvatting

In klimaatkastexperimenten werden maisbladeren (4e blad) twee-drie dagen voor inoculatie metColletotrichum graminicola bespoten met een mengsel (1∶1) van de algemeen voorkomende fyllosfeergistenSporobolomyces roseus enCryptococcus laurentii var.flavescens. In vier experimenten varieerde de gemiddelde gistpopulatie op de behandelde bladeren, op het moment van inoculatie met het pathogen, van 5× 104 tot 8× 105 cellen cm−2 blad, op de onbehandelde bladeren van <103 tot 104 cellen cm−2 blad. De gisten reduceerden de lesiedichtheid en het necrotisch bladoppervlak tengevolge van deC. graminicola infectie voor ongeveer 50%. De stadia in de ontwikkeling van andere necrotrofe pathogenen, die gewoonlijk gevoelig zijn voor antagonisme door gisten, zoals sporekieming, oppervlakkige myceliumgroei en vorming van appressoria, werden bijC. graminicola niet beïnvloed. De waargenomen reductie van infectie kon alleen verklaard worden door een remming van de penetratie vanuit normaal gevormde appressoria. Interactie in dit stadium van het infectieproces is nog niet eerder waargenomen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bashi, E. & Fokkema, N.J., 1977. Environmental factors limiting growth ofSporobolomyces roseus, an antagonist ofCochliobolus sativus, on wheat leaves. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 68: 17–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blakeman, J.P. & Brodie, I.D.S., 1976. Inhibition of pathogens by epiphytic bacteria on aerial plant surfaces. In: Dickinson, C.H. & Preece, T.F. (Eds), Microbiology of aerial plant surfaces. Academic Press, London. p. 529–557.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blakeman, J.P. & Brodie, I.D.S., 1977. Competition for nutrients between epiphytic microorganisms and germination of spores of plant pathogens on beetrot leaves. Physiol. Pl. Path. 10: 29–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blakeman, J.P. & Fokkema, N.J., 1982. Potential for biological control of plant diseases on the phylloplane. A. Rev. Phytopath. 20: 167–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blakeman, J.P. & Parbery, D.G., 1977. Stimulation of appressorium formation inColletotrichum acutatum by phylloplane bacteria. Physiol. Pl. Pathol. 11: 313–325.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Firman, I.D. & Waller, J.M., 1977. Coffee berry disease and otherColletrotrichum diseases of coffee. Phytopath. Pap. 20: 1–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fokkema, N.J., 1981. Fungal leaf saprophytes, beneficial of detrimental? In: Blakeman, J.P. (Ed.), Microbial ecology of the phylloplane. Academic Press, London. p. 433–454.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fokkema, N.J., 1984. Competition for endogenous and exogenous nutrients betweenSporobolomyces roseus andCochliobolus sativus. Can. J. Bot. 62: 2463–2468.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fokkema, N.J., Houter, J.G. den, Kosterman, Y.J.C. & Nelis, A.L., 1979. Manipulation of yeasts of field-grown wheat leaves and their antagonistic effect onCochliobolus sativus andSeptoria nodorum. Trans Br. Mycol. Soc. 72: 19–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fokkema, N.J. & Nooij, M.P. de, 1981. The effects of fungicides on the microbial balance in the phyllosphere. EPPO Bull. 11: 303–310.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kolattukudy, P.E., 1984. Fungal penetration of defensive barriers of plants. In: Duggar, W.M. & Bartnicki-Garcia, S. (Eds), Structure, function and biosynthesis of plant cell walls. Proc. Seventh. Symp. Bot., Univ. Calif. Riverside p. 302–343.

  • Lapp, M.S. & Skoropad, W.P., 1978. Location of appressoria ofColletotrichum graminicola on natural and artificial barley leaf surfaces. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 70: 225–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leben, C., 1964. Influence of bacteria from healthy cucumber leaves on two leaf diseases of cucumber. Phytopathology 54: 405–408.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leben, C., Daft, G.C., Wilson, J.D. & Winter, H.F., 1965. Field tests for disease control with an epiphytic bacterium. Phytopathology 55: 1375–1376.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lenné, J.M. & Parbery, D.G., 1976. Phyllosphere antagonists and appressorium formation inColletotrichum gloeosporioides. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 66: 334–336.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lingappa, B.T. & Lockwood, J.L., 1963. Direct assay of soils for fungistasis. Phytopathology 53: 529–531.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mercer, P.R., Wood, K.S. & Greenwood, A.D., 1970. The effect of orange extract and other extracts on the anthracnose of French beans byColletotrichum lindemuthianum. Ann. Bot. 34: 593–604.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Politis, D.J., & Wheeler, H., 1973. Ultrastructural study of penetration of maize leaves byColletotrichum graminicola. Physiol. Pl. Path. 3: 465–471.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shipton, W.A. & Brown, J.F., 1962. A whole leaf clearing technique to demonstrate host-pathogen relationships of wheat stem rust. Phytopathology 52: 1313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sleesman, J.P. & Leben, C., 1976. Microbial antagonists ofBipolaris maydis. Phytopathology 66: 1214–1218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sokal, R.R. & Rohlf, F.J., 1969. Biometry. W.H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Straka, R.P. & Stokes, J.L., 1957. Rapid destruction of bacteria in commonly used dilutants and its elimination. Appl. Microbiol. 5: 21–25.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki, K., Furusawa, I., Ishida, N. & Yamamoto, M., 1981. Protein synthesis during germination and appressorium formation ofColletotrichum lagenarium spores. J. Gen. Microbiol. 124: 61–69.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki, K., Furusawa, I., Ishida, N. & Yamamoto, M., 1982. Chemical dissolution of cellulose membranes as a prerequisite for penetration from appressoria ofColletotrichum lagenarium. J. Gen. Microbiol. 128: 1035–1039.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolkow, P.M., Sisler, H.D. & Vigil, E.L., 1983. Effects of inhibitors of melanin biosynthesis on structrue and function of appressoria ofColletotrichum lindemuthianum. Physiol. Pl. Path. 23: 55–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Williamson, M.A., Fokkema, N.J. Phyllosphere yeasts antagonize penetration from appressoria and subsequent infection of maize leaves by Colletotrichum graminicola. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 91, 265–276 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02000012

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02000012

Additional keywords

Navigation