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Mass-balanced paleogeographic reconstructions

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Zusammenfassung

Die Paläogeographie, Paläotopographie und Paläobathymetrie eines geschlossenen Erosions-Depositions-Systems kann abgeschätzt werden, indem man die Sedimentmengen rekonstruiert und auf die Hochflächen in einem Entwässerungsbecken projiziert. Dies basiert auf den heutigen inversen Erosionsratengleichungen und der Korrektur für Isostasie, Meeresspiegelschwankungen und thermale Hebung oder Zerfall der Topographie. Die Erosions-Depositions-Geschichte des nordwestlichen Randes des Golf von Mexiko und seines west- bis zentralnordamerikanischen Schüttungsgebietes während des Känozoikums entsprechen einem geschlossenen Modell und erlauben das Testen der Prinzipien der Massen-Ausgleichs-Modellierung.

Rekonstruktionen einer ausgeglichenen Paläogeographie des Arbeitsgebietes ergeben die folgenden spezifischen Ergebnisse:

  1. 1.

    Die maximale Hebungsrate der Rocky Mountains und der Hochebenen fand während des oberen Pliozäns statt.

  2. 2.

    Die Paläo-Küstenlinien, die mit Ausgleichsrekonstruktionen basierend auf durchschnittlichen Meeresspiegelkurven erstellt wurden, stimmen nicht mit marin-nichtmarinen Sedimentfolgen überein und beinhalten ferner, daß die Amplitude der Meeresspiegelschwankungen an der Golfküste nur etwa der Hälfte der eustatischen Meeresspiegelkurve vonHaq et al. (1987) entspricht.

Abstract

Paleogeography, paleotopography, and paleobathymetry of a closed erosion-depositional system can be reconstructed by restoring sedimentary masses to elevated surfaces in a drainage basin based on the inverse of present erosion equations and adjusting for isostasy, sea level changes, sediment compaction, and thermal subsidence. The erosion-deposition history of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico margin and its western-central North American source area during the Cenozoic is used to explore the sensitivity of mass balance reconstructions, and changes in assumptions concerning erosion rate parameters and sea level.

Analysis of the distributions of sedimentary material and mass-balanced paleogeographic reconstructions of the study area indicate the following specific results:

  1. 1)

    most of the Pleistocene sediment in the Gulf of Mexico is not of glacial origin but is derived from the high plains and reflects uplift of the Rocky Mountains and High Plains since the Late Pliocene; and

  2. 2)

    paleoshorelines predicted from mass-balanced reconstructions using theHaq et al. (1987) global sea level curve do not match the shoreline indicated by sedimentary sequences and suggest that the amplitude of sea level changes in the Gulf coast is between one-fourth and three-fourths, most likely one-half, that of the published eustatic sea level curve.

Résumé

Si une région constitue un système fermé en régard aux processus d'érosion et de sédimentation, il est possible d'en établir la paléogéographie, la paléotopographie et la paléobathymétrie en reconstituant sur les surfaces élevées les volumes dont l'érosion a donné lieu aux accumulations dans le bassin de sédimentation; cette opération doit tenir compte des effets de l'isostasie, des changements du niveau de la mer et des soulèvements et affaissements thermiques de la topographie. L'histoire de l'érosion et de la sédimentation dans la région formée par la bordure NW du Golfe du Mexique et son aire nourricière (ouest et centre de l'Amérique du Nord) pendant le Cénozoïque présente les conditions requises et permet de tester le principe d'un tel modèle de bilan des volumes.

Les reconstitutions paléogéographiques équilibrées de l'aire étudiée fournissent les résultats suivants:

  1. 1.

    la plus grande part du soulèvement des Montagnes Rocheuses et des Hautes Plaines a eu lieu depuis le Pliocène;

  2. 2.

    les paléo-lignes de rivage que l'on déduit de ces reconstitutions au moyen des courbes eustatiques du niveau de la mer ne correspondent pas aux limites entre sédiments marins et continentaux; elles suggèrent que les changement du niveau de la mer le long de la cóte du golfe n'atteignent approximativement que la moitié des valeurs données par les courbes eustatiques deHaq et al. (1987).

Краткое содержание

С помощью реконструк ции количества седим ентов и проэцирования этих данных на поверхност ь дренажного бассейна удается вос становить палеогеог рафию, палеотопографию и па леобатиметрию закры той системы «эрозия-отложения». Т акая оценка основана на инверсных уравнения х скоростей эрозии се годняшнего дня и коррелируется н а изостазию, колебани я уровня моря и подняти я, или разрушения топо графии под влиянием термиче ских процессов. Истор ия эрозии — отложения на северо-западном кр ае Мексиканского залива и в его западно американской и центральноамерикан ской зонах накопления сед иментов во время кайнозоя соотвеству ет выше названной зам кнутой модели и разрешает оп робовать принципы мо делирования равновесия масс.

Реконстуркция такой уравновешенной пале огеографии в изучаемом регионе р азрешило сделать сле дующие выводы:

  1. 1.

    Максимальная скорос ть поднятия Скалисты х гор и плато имело место в п ериод верхнего плейс тоцена.

  2. 2.

    Простирание древней береговой линии, сост авленное на основании усредне нного колебания уров ня моря, при учете реконс трукции процесса рав новесия масс, не соотвествует осадочным маринным и немаринным свитам отложений и ук азывает на то, что амплитуда колебания уровня моря в этот отр езок времени соотвествов ала только половине евстатической кривой уровня моря, со ставленной HAQ и др. /1987/.

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  1. William W. Hay & Christopher A. Shaw

    Present address: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Campus Box 449, 80309, Boulder, CO, USA

  2. Christopher N. Wold

    Present address: Institut für Allgemeine und Angewandte Geophysik, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Theresienstr. 41, 8000, Mü nchen, BRD

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    Hay, W.W., Shaw, C.A. & Wold, C.N. Mass-balanced paleogeographic reconstructions. Geol Rundsch 78, 207–242 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01988362

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