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Evidence of cork barrier formation as a resistance mechanism to berry disease (Colletotrichum coffeanum) in arabica coffee

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Abstract

The histology of resistance to coffee berry disease (CBD) was studied in artificially inoculated berries and hypocotyls of 6-week old seedlings of a number of varieties ofCoffea arabica L. In resistant varieties a phellogen was quickly formed some cell layers below the site of infection and progress of the fungal invasion was effectively blocked by a complete barrier of suberized cells. Such barriers were absent or incompletely developed in CBD susceptible varieties. A highly significant correlation (r=0.87) was found between the frequencies of complete barrier formation in berries and in hypocotyls of young seedlings, while both were also highly correlated to observed mature plant resistance (r>-0.93). Resistance to CBD in arabica coffee may to an important extent be based on the formation of cork barriers. These cork barriers confine the pathogen to the small volume of tissue external to the barrier so that its growth is severely restricted. Such a resistance mechanism is likely to be stable (race-nonspecific). The almost identical response to infection observed in berries and hypocotyls provides further evidence that plants with resistance to CBD can be reliably preselected by the hypocotyl inoculation test.

Samenvatting

Het mechanisme van de resistentie tegen de koffiebessenziekte werd nader onderzocht bij een aantal rassen vanCoffea arabica aan de hand van anatomische studies van groene bessen en van hypocotyle stengelleden van 6-weken oude kiemplanten, die vooraf waren geïnoculeerd. Bij resistente rassen bleek steeds enkele cellagen beneden het punt van infectie een wondkurk te ontstaan, dat verdere groei van de schimmel in het waardplantweefsel onmogelijk maakte. Dit kurk werd niet of zeer onvolledig gevormd bij vatbare planten. Er bleek een zeer hoge correlatie (r=0.87) te bestaan tussen de mate van voorkomen van wondkurk na infectie bij bessen en bij hypocotyle stengelleden. De mate van vorming van wondkurk was bovendien zeer goed gecorreleerd met de mate van de in het veld waargenomen resistentie tegen de koffiebessenziekte (r≥0.93). Dit doet vermoeden dat resistentie tegen de koffiebessenziekte in hoge mate wordt bepaald door snelle vorming van wondkurk na infectie. Hierdoor wordt voorkomen dat nog meer gezond waardplantweefsel wordt aangetast. Ziekteresistentie gebaseerd op een dergelijk mechanisme zal zeer waarschijnlijk van stabiele aard zijn (niet fysio specifiek). Het nagenoeg identieke reactiepatroon bij bessen en hypocotyle stengelleden biedt een verdere ondersteuning aan de betrouwbaarheid van de voorselectietoets, zoals die wordt toegepast in het koffieveredelingsprogramma ter verkrijging van nieuwe rassen die resistent zijn tegen de koffiebessenziekte.

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Masaba, D.M., Van Der Vossen, H.A.H. Evidence of cork barrier formation as a resistance mechanism to berry disease (Colletotrichum coffeanum) in arabica coffee. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 88, 19–32 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01976423

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