Skip to main content
Log in

Biological control of Rhizoctonia solani on potatoes by antagonists. 4. Inoculation of seed tubers with Verticillium biguttatum and other antagonists in field experiments

  • Published:
Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Inoculation of seed potatoes with the mycoparasiteVerticillium biguttatum, isolate M73 (combined withGliocladium roseum in 1981, either alone or mixed with isolate M180 plus antibiotics-producing isolates ofAzotobacter chroococcum in 1982) repeatedly proved successful in reducingRhizoctonia solani on stolons and stems. In field experiments, this ultimately led to a reduced formation of sclerotia on new tubers, particularly in neutral sandy loam and clay loam soils. In 1981 inoculation with antagonists led, when compared with no inoculation, to average reductions of 22 and 42% for the harvest from clean, and 15 and 26% for the harvest from infected seed tubers grown on slightly acid sandy soils and on neutral loam soils, respectively. The harvest from clean, inoculated seed tubers had the lowest sclerotium index. In 1982 inoculation of seed tubers planted in slightly acid sandy soils gave reductions of the sclerotium index of up to 22%. In the neutral marine loam soils considerable reductions were often achieved, viz., in slightly infected loams 51–68% and in rather heavily infected ones 4–43%. Chemical disinfection of seed tubers proved effective only in loam soils that were slightly infested withR. solani. In both years inoculation of seed tubers with antagonists led to significantly lower sclerotium indices of the harvest (p=0.1% in 1981; p=5% in 1982).

V. biguttatum was present more frequently and in greater densities on stems and stolons of plants from inoculated than from non-inoculated seed tubers. The latter were colonized by wildV. biguttatum strains from the soil, apparently less effective antagonists.

Early in the season, the soil temperature was too low for growth ofV. biguttatum. Nevertheless, inoculation of tubers that were planted early resulted in a considerable cotrol ofR. solani.

Samenvatting

Het beënten van poters met de opRhizoctonia solani parasiterende schimmelVerticillium biguttatum isolaat M73 in combinatie metGliocladium roseum (1981) of metV. biguttatum M73 alleen of in combinatie met isolaat M180 plus antibiotische isolaten van de bacterieAzotobacter chroococcum (1982), bleek effectief in het terugdringen of het onderdrukken vanR. solani op stengels en stolonen en het verminderen van de aantasting.

Beënting van het pootgoed leidde tot een vermindering van de sclerotium (lakschurft)-vorming op de nieuwe knollen, vooral in klei-en zavelgronden. In 1981 leidde beënting van poters tot reductie in de sclerotiumvorming van gemiddeld 22 en 42% voor de oogst uit schoon en 15 en 26% voor de oogst uit besmet pootgoed geteeld op respectievelijk zandgrond en klei- en zavelgrond.

In 1982 leidde beënten van de poters uitgeplant in licht zure zandgrond tot een gemiddelde reductie van de sclerotiumindex van de oogst van 22%. In zwaar besmette zandgrond trad evenwel geen reductie op; de infectiedruk was hier te groot. In de neutrale zavel- en kleigronden, vaak ook in de zwaarder besmette percelen werden aanzienlijke reducties bereikt, in de licht besmette gemiddeld 51–68% en in de zwaarder besmette 4–43%. Ontsmetten van pootgoed bleek alleen effectief in percelen die licht metR. solani waren besmet.

In beide jaren bleek beënten van pootgoed met antagonisten te resulteren in een significant lagere sclerotiumindex van de oogst (p=0,1% in 1981; p=5% in 1982).

V. biguttatum was veel vaker en meer aanwezig op de ondergrondse stengeldelen en stolonen van planten uit beënt pootgoed dan op die van niet beënte poters. De laatsten werden gekoloniseerd door wilde stammen vanV. biguttatum uit de grond, die vaak minder effectieve antagonisten waren. Beënting van vroeg gepote knollen — als de temperatuur nog te laag is voor de groei vanV. biguttatum — leverde toch gunstige resultaten op.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aluko, M.O., 1968. Microbial antagonists in the control ofRhizoctonia solani Kühn on potatoes. Thesis Univ. Nottingham.

  • Boogert, P.H.J.F. van den & Jager, G., 1984. Biological control ofRhizoctonia solani on potatoes by antagonists. 3. Inoculation of seed potatoes with different fungi. Neth. J. Pl. Path. 90: 117–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, E.J. & Jones, S.G., 1955. Plant pathology. MacMillan, London, 979 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chet, I., Hadar, Y., Elad, Y., Katan, J. & Henis, Y., 1979. Biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens byTrichoderma harzianum. In: Schippers, B. & Gams, W. (Eds), Soil-borne plant pathogens. Academic Press, London, New York, San Francisco, p. 585–591.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elad, Y., Chet, I. & Katan, J., 1980a.Trichoderma harzianum: a biocontrol agent effective againstSclerotium rolfsii andRhizoctonia solani. Phytopathology 70: 119–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elad, Y., Katan, J. & Chet, I., 1980b. Physical, biological and chemical control integrated for soil-borne diseases in potatoes. Phytopathology 70: 418–422.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elad, Y., Kalfon, A. & Chet, I., 1982. Control ofRhizoctonia solani by seed-coating withTrichoderma spp. spores. Pl. Soil 66: 279–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harman, G.E., Chet, I. & Baker, R., 1980.Trichoderma hamatum effects on seed and seedling disease induced in radish and pea byPythium spp. orRhizoctonia solani. Phytopathology 70: 1167–1172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jager, G., Hoopen, A. ten & Velvis, H., 1979. Hyperparasites ofRhizoctonia solani in Dutch potato fields. Neth. J. Pl. Path. 85: 253–268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jager, G. & Velvis, H., 1980. Onderzoek naar het voorkomen vanRhizoctonia-werende aard-appelpercelen in Noord-Nederland. Inst. Bodemvruchtbaarheid, Rapp. 1–80, 62 pp.

  • Jager, G. & Velvis, H., 1982. Aantasting van aardappel doorRhizoctonia solani in afhankelijkheid van de herkomst en de mate van besmetting van het pootgoed. Inst. Bodemvruchtbaarheid, Rapp. 4–82, 24 pp.

  • Jager, G. & Velvis, H., 1983a. Suppression ofRhizoctonia solani in potato fields. I. Occurrence. Neth. J. Pl. Path. 89: 21–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jager, G. & Velvis, H., 1983b. Suppression ofRhizoctonia solani in potato fields. II. Effect of origin and degree of infection withRhizoctonia solani of seed potatoes on subsequent infestation and on formation of sclerotia. Neth. J. Pl. Path. 89: 141–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jager, G. & Velvis, H., 1983c. Biological control ofRhizoctonia solani on potatoes by antagonists. Field testing of the effect of inoculation of seed tubers withVerticillium biguttatum and other antagonists in 1981 and 1982. Inst. Bodemvruchtbaarheid, Rapp. 7–83, 34 pp.

  • Jager, G. & Velvis, H., 1984. Biological control ofRhizoctonia solani on potatoes bij antagonists. 2. Sprout protection against soil-borneR. solani through seed inoculation withVerticillium biguttatum. Neth. J. Pl. Path. 90: 29–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuter, G.A., Nelson, E.B., Hoitink, H.A.J. & Madden, L.V., 1983. Fungal populations in container media amended with composted hardwood bark suppressive and conductive toRhizoctonia damping off. Phytopathology 73: 1450–1456.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merriman, P.R., Price, R.D. & Baker, K.F., 1974a. The effect of inoculation of seed with antagonists ofRhizoctonia solani on the growth of wheat. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 25: 213–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merriman, P.R., Price, R.D., Kollmorgen, J.F., Pigott, T. & Ridge, E.H., 1974b. Effect of seed inoculation withBacillus subtilis andStreptomyces griseus on the growth of cereals and carrots. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 25: 219–226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meshram, S.U. & Jager, G., 1983. Antagonism ofAzotobacter chroococcum isolates toRhizoctonia solani. Neth. J. Pl. Path. 89: 191–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meshram, S.U., 1984. Suppressive effect ofAzotobacter chroococcum onRhizoctonia solani infestation of potatoes. Neth. J. Pl. Path. 90: 127–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naiki, T. & Ui, T., 1972. The microorganisms associated with the sclerotia ofRhizoctonia solani Kühn in soil and their effects on the viability of the pathogens. Mem. Fac. Agric. Hokkaido Univ. 8: 252–265.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shan-da Liu & Baker, R., 1980. Mechanism of biological control in soil suppressive toRhizoctonia solani. Phytopathology 70: 404–412.

    Google Scholar 

  • Velvis, H. & Jager, G., 1983. Biological control ofRhizoctonia solani on potatoes by antogonists. 1. Preliminary experiments withVerticillium biguttatum, a sclerotium inhibiting fungus. Neth. J. Pl. Path. 89: 113–123.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Jager, G., Velvis, H. Biological control of Rhizoctonia solani on potatoes by antagonists. 4. Inoculation of seed tubers with Verticillium biguttatum and other antagonists in field experiments. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 91, 49–63 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01974301

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01974301

Additional keywords

Navigation