References
Savage, D. C. Microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract. Annual Review of Microbiology 1977, 31: 107–133.
Allan, A., Cunliffe, W. J., Pearson, J. P., Sellers, L. A., Ward, R. Studies on gastrointestinal mucus. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 1984, S93: 101–113.
Hoskins, L. C., Boulding, E. T. Mucin degradation in human colon ecosystems. Evidence for the existence and role of bacterial subpopulations producing glycosidases as extracellular enzymes. Journal of Clinical Investigations 1981, 67: 163–172.
Drasar, B. S., Crowther, J. S., Goddard, P., Haksworth, G., Hill, M. J., Peach, S., Williams, R. E. O. The relation between diet and the gut microflora in man. Proceedings of the Nutritional Society 1973, 32: 49–52.
Drasar, B. S., Jenkins, D. J. A., Cummings, J. H. The influence of a diet rich in wheat fibre on the human faecal flora. Journal of Medical Microbiology 1976, 9: 423–431.
Meijer-Severs, G. J., Van Santen, E. Variations in anaerobic faecal flora of ten healthy human volunteers with special reference to theBacteroides fragilis group andClostridium difficile. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie und Hygiene (A) 1986, 261: 43–52.
Van der Waaij, D. The digestive tract in immunocompromised patients: importance of maintaining its resistance to colonization, especially in hospital inpatients and those taking antibiotics. In: Sabath, L. D. (ed.): Action of antibiotics in patients. Hans Huber Publishers, Bern, 1982, p. 104–118.
Sleijfer, D., Mulder, N. H., De Vries-Hospers, H. G., Fidler, V., Nieweg, H. O., Van der Waaij, D., Van Saene, H. K. F. Infection prevention in granulocytopenic patients by selective decontamination of the digestive tract. European Journal of Cancer 1980, 16: 859–869.
Dekker, A. W., Rozenberg-Arska, M., Sixma, J. J., Verhoef, J. Prevention of infection by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus amphotericin B in patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia. Annals of Internal Medicine 1981, 95: 555–559.
Guiot, H. F. L., Van der Meer, J. W. M., Van Furth, R. Selective antimicrobial modulation of human microbial flora: infection prevention in patients with decreased host defence mechanisms by selective elimination of potentially pathogenic bacteria. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1981, 143: 644–654.
Kurrle, E., Dekker, A. W., Gaus, W., Haralambie, E., Krieger, D., Rozenberg-Arska, M., De Vries-Hospers, H. G., Van der Waaij, D. (E. O. R. T. C. Gnotobiotic Project Group Writing Committee): Prevention of infection in acute leukemia: prospective randomized study on the efficacy of absorbable and nonabsorbable antimicrobial drugs. Infection 1986, 14: 226–232.
Savage, D. C., Dubos, R., Schaedler, R. W. The gastrointestinal epithelium and its autochtenous bacterial flora. Journal of Experimental Medicine 1968, 127: 67–75.
Van der Waaij, D. Production of bacteria-free mice by antibiotic decontamination. In: Miyakawa, M., Luckey, T. D. (ed.): Advances in germfree research and gnotobiology. CRC Press, Cleveland, 1968, p. 30–37.
Van der Waaij, D., Heidt, P. J. Intestinal bacterial ecology in relation to immunological factors and other defence mechanisms. In: Hambraeus, L., Hanson, C. A., MacFarlane, H. (ed.): Food and immunology. Almquist and Wiskell, Stockholm, 1977, p. 133–141.
Foo, M. C., Lee, A. Immunological responses of mice to members of the autochtenous intestinal microflora. Infection and Immunity 1972, 6: 525–532.
Berg, R. D., Savage, D. C. Immune responses of specific pathogen-free and gnotobiotic mice to antigens of indigenous and nonindigenous microorganisms. Infection and Immunity 1975, 11: 320–329.
Andre, C., Heremans, J. F., Vaerman, J. P., Cambiaso, C. L. A mechanism for the induction of immunological tolerance by antigen feeding: antigen-antibody complexes. Journal of Experimental Medicine 1975, 142: 1509–1519.
Kagnoff, M. F. Effects of antigen-feeding on intestinal and systemic immune response. II. Suppression of delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Journal of Immunology 1978, 120: 1509–1513.
Mattingly, J. A., Waksman, B. H. Immunologic suppression after oral administration of an antigen. I. Specific suppressor cells formed in rat Peyer's patches after oral administration of sheep erythrocytes and their systemic migration. Journal of Immunology 1978, 121: 1878–1883.
Thomas, H. C., Parrot, D. M. V. The induction of tolerance to a soluble protein antigen by oral administration. Immunology 1974, 27: 631–639.
Hanson, D. G., Vaz, N. M., Rawlings, L. A., Lynch, J. M. Inhibition of specific immune responses by feeding protein antigens. Journal of Immunology 1979, 122: 2261–2266.
Challacombe, S. J., Thomasi, T. B. Systemic tolerance and secretory immunity after oral immunization. Journal of Experimental Medicine 1980, 152: 1459–1472.
Kenny, J. F., Woleslagle, D. L., Gray, J. A., Michaels, R. H., Pearson, M. A. Enteric infection withEscherichia coli 0127 in the mouse. I. Characteristics of infection and systemic and local immune responses in mice of different ages. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1970, 121: 528–540.
Yamagishi, T., Serkawa, T., Morita, R., Takahashi, K., Nishida, S. Effect of a lactobacillus product administration on anaerobic intestinal flora of aged adults. Japan Journal of Microbiology 1974, 18: 211–216.
Friis-Moller, A., Hey, H. Colonization of the intestinal canal with aStreptococcus faecium preparation. Current Therapeutic Research 1983, 33: 807–815.
Gotz, V., Romankiewicz, J. A., Moss, J., Murray, H. W. Prophylaxis against ampicillin-associated diarrhea with a lactobacillus preparation. American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 1979, 36: 754–758.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
van der Waaij, D. Evidence of immunoregulation of the composition of intestinal microflora and its practical consequences. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 7, 103–106 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01962193
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01962193