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Structure, biosynthesis and functions of glycoprotein glycans

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Abstract

Since the pioneering work on structure and function of heteroglycans compiled in the classical books edited by A. Gottschalk in 19721, there have been several promising developments in glycoconjugate research, as reviewed in this article.

In Part 1, contributed by A. Kobata, current knowledge on heteroglycan structures is presented and representative examples taken from higher organisms are given. Part 2, written by J. F. G. Vliegenthart and J. P. Kamerling, covers the most important achievements in methodology: procedures to obtain pure glycans and to analyze their structures. Part 3, contributed by J. Paulson, is devoted to biosynthesis of glycans now describable as pathways since several of the glycosyltransferases have been isolated and analyzed for specificity. In Part 4, contributed by E. Buddecke, current knowledge on functional roles of glycans is presented. It will become apparent that the prerequisite for valid work either in biosynthetic or functional context depends on solid structural information. This is particularly true whenever glycosyltransferase reaction products are being analyzed, or glycans involved in biological functions are investigated. Although in past years, a great deal of important knowledge has been gathered by use of crude glycosidase or glycosyltransferase activities (a notable example is found in reference 2), one may now postulate that glycans implicated in biological reactions should be thoroughly analyzed.

This review may familiarize ‘newcomers’ with the field of glycoconjugate research with special emphasis on glycoprotein glycans. Glycolipids are not included in this article as they have recently been reviewed by S. I. Hakomori3. The reader is also referred to several excellent monographs4,5 and the Proceedings of the Glycoconjugate Symposia held biannually6–8.

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  1. Medizinisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Bern, CH-3000, Bern 9, Switzerland

    Eric G. Berger

  2. Institut für Physiologische Chemie der Universität Münster, D-4400, Münster, Federal Republic of Germany

    Eckhart Buddecke

  3. Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, State University of Utrecht, NL-3522 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Johannis P. Kamerling

  4. Department of Biochemistry, Kobe University School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan

    Akira Kobata

  5. Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA School of Medicine, 90024, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    James C. Paulson

  6. Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, State University of Utrecht, NL-3522 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Johannes F. G. Vliegenthart

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Berger, E.G., Buddecke, E., Kamerling, J.P. et al. Structure, biosynthesis and functions of glycoprotein glycans. Experientia 38, 1129–1162 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01959725

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