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The contribution of atrial stretch receptors to salt and water homeostasis in the human

Der Beitrag der Vorhof-Dehnungsrezeptoren zur Salz-und Wasserhomöostase beim Menschen

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Summary

Studies carried out in both the human and experimental animals provide reasonably strong evidence that receptors contained within the atria are involved in the control of body water. When atrial pressure is increased (and the atria distended) atrial receptor discharge is increased leading to an increase in urine flow and, depending upon the experimental condition, a less consistent increase in sodium excretion. At least two mechanisms appear to contribute to the renal response; inhibition of the secretion of antidiuretic hormone and inhibition of renal nerve discharge. None of the factors presently known to alter sodium excretion have been shown to account completely for the increase in sodium excretion. The failure of patients with chronically distended atria to experience a chronic diuresis appears to be partly the result of a resetting of atrial receptor sensitivity. Recent evidence suggests that the sensitivity of atrial volume receptors has a species variation.

Zusammenfassung

Sowohl Untersuchungen am Menschen als auch Tierexperimente liefern überzeugende Beweise dafür, daß Vorhofrezeptoren bei der Kontrolle der Körperflüssigkeit eine Rolle spielen. Wenn der Vorhofdruck ansteigt (und somit die Dehnung des Vorhofs) steigt die Entladungsfrequenz der Vorhofrezeptoren an, was zu einer Erhöhung der Urinabsonderung führt und — in Abhängigkeit von den experimentellen Bedingungen — weniger regelmäßig zu einem Ansteigen der Natriumausscheidung. Wenigstens zwei Mechanismen scheinen zu der Reaktion der Nieren beizutragen: eine Hemmung der Sekretion des antidiuretischen Hormons und eine Hemmung der Erregungen renaler Nerven. Keiner der Faktoren, die nach der derzeitigen Kenntnis die Natriumausscheidung beeinflussen, läßt sich für den Anstieg der Natriumausscheidung ausschließlich verantwortlich machen. Die Tatsache, daß bei Patienten mit chronisch erweiterten Vorhöfen eine chronische Erhöhung der Diurese nicht auftritt, scheint teilweise das Ergebnis einer Neueinstellung der Empfindlichkeit der Vorhofrezeptoren zu sein. Neuere Hinweise legen die Annahme nahe, daß die Empfindlichkeit der Vorhofrezeptoren speziesabhängige Unterschiede zeigt.

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Supported by National Institutes of Health Research Grant Nr. 5 R01 HL 13427.

Some studies were done during the time Dr.Zucker was a postdoctoral fellow unter National Institutes of Health Research Fellowship Award No. 5 F02 HL 52289.

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Gilmore, J.P., Zucker, I.H. The contribution of atrial stretch receptors to salt and water homeostasis in the human. Basic Res Cardiol 70, 355–363 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01914332

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01914332

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