Abstract
Changes in creatine kinase (CK) activity and CK isoenzyme profiles in plasma after exercise were studied in rats in order to establish the source of the exercise-induced rise in CK activity. Male and female rats ran on a treadmill for 2 h and blood samples, taken before and after exercise, were assayed for total CK, CK isoenzymes and aminoaspartate transaminase (AST) activity. These enzymes were also assayed in homogenates of liver and several muscles. We found that the isoenzyme composition of liver, plasma and muscle did not differ between the sexes. However, the exercise-induced CK and AST responses did differ: CK and AST increased after exercise in males (101% and 15% resp.), but much less in females (47% and 1%). Although the isoenzyme profiles in rest did not differ, significant differences were observed after running: in males CK-MM inereased with 678%, but females only showed a 114% increase. In contrast, CK-BB showed a small increase that was about the same for both sexes (males 41%, females 35%). We conclude that both males and females show a small and similar increase in CK-BB activity after exercise, and that a large release of CK-MM from skeletal muscle, observed only in males, accounts for sex-linked differences reported earlier.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Amelink GJ, Bär PR (1986) Exercise-induced protein leakage in the rat. Effects of hormonal manipulation. J Neurol Sci 76:61–68
Apple FS, Rogers MA, Sherman WM, Costill DL, Hagerman FC, Ivy JL (1984) Profile of creatine kinase isoenzymes in skeletal muscles of marathon runners. Clin Chem 30:413–416
Bär PR, Amelink GJ, Blankenstein MA (1986) Exercise-induced muscle damage in the rat: effects of hormonal manipulation. Muscle Nerve 9:249
Bär PR, Amelink GJ, Oldenburg B, Blankenstein MA (1988) Prevention of exercise-induced muscle membrane damage by oestradiol. Life Sci 42:2677–2681
Bais R, Edwards JB (1982) Creatine kinase. CRC Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 16:291–336
Berg A, Haralambie G (1978) Changes in serum creatine kinase and hexose isomerase activity with exercise duration. Eur J Appl Physiol 39:191–201
Driessen MF, Bär PR, Scholte HR, Hoogenraad TU, Luyt-Houwen IEM (1987) A striking correlation between muscle damage after exercise and mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with chronic external ophthalmoplegia. J Inherited Metab Dis 10–2:252–255
Frolich M, Walma SJ, Souverijn JHM (1981) Probable influence of cage design on muscle metabolism of rats. Lab Anim Sci 31:510–512
Hearse DJ (1979) Cellular damage during myocardial ischaemia: metabolic changes leading to enzyme leakage. In: Hearse DJ, De-Leiris J (eds) Enzymes in cardiology: diagnosis and research. Wiley, New York, pp 1–19
Kagen LJ, Scheidt S, Butt A (1975) Myoglobinaemia following acute myocardial infarction. Am J Med 58:177–182
Kagen LJ, Moussavi S, Miller SL, Tsairis P (1980) Serum myoglobin in muscular dystrophy. Muscle Nerve 3:221–226
Kielblock AJ, Manjoo M, Booyens J, Katzeff IE (1979) Creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase after ultra longdistance running. S Afr Med J 55:1061–1064
Klosak JJ, Penney DG (1975) Serum and organ creatinine phosphokinase alterations in exercise. Environ Physiol Biochem 5:408–412
Lott JA, Abbott LB (1986) Creatine kinase isoenzymes. Clin Lab Med 6:547–576
Maxwell JH, Bloor CM (1981) Effects of conditioning on exertional rhabdomyolysis and creatine kinase after severe exercise. Enzyme 26:177–181
McEwen SA, Hulland TJ (1986) Histochemical and morphometric evaluation of skeletal muscle from horses with exertional rhabdomyolysis (tying up). Vet Pathol 23:400–410
Meltzer HY, Guschwan A (1972) Type 1 (brain type) creatine phosphokinase in rat platelets. Life Sci 11:121–130
Nanji AA (1983) Serum creatine kinase isoenzymes. A review. Muscle Nerve 6:83–90
Noakes TD, Kotzenberg G, McArthur PS, Dykman J (1983) Elevated serum creatine kinase MB and creatine kinase BB-isoenzyme fractions after ultra long marathon running. Eur J Appl Physiol 52:75–79
Norregaard-Hansen K, Bjerre-Knudsen J, Brodthagen U, Jordal R, Paulev P-E (1982) Muscle cell leakage due to long distance training. Eur J Appl Physiol 48:177–188
Peterson GL (1977) A simplification of the protein assay method of Lowry et al. which is more generally applicable. Anal Biochem 83:346–356
Rogers MA, Stull MA, Apple FS (1985) Creatine kinase isoenzyme activities in men and women following a marathon race. Med Sci Sports Exerc 17:679–682
Scholte HR (1973) On the triple localization of creatine kinase in heart and skeletal muscle cells of the rat: evidence for the existence of myofibrillar and mitochondrial isoenzymes. Biochim Biophys Acta 305:413–427
Schwane JA, Armstrong RB (1983) Effect on training on skeletal muscle injury from downhill running in rats. J Appl Physiol 55:969–975
Shepard RJ (1982) Physiology and biochemistry of exercise. Praeger Publishers, New York, p 306
Shibata S, Kobayashi B (1978) Blood platelets as a possible source of creatine kinase in rat plasma and serum. Thromb Haemost 39:701–706
Spargo E (1984) The acute effects of alcohol on plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity in the rat. J Neurol Sci 63:307–316.576
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Amelink, G.J., Kamp, H.H. & Bär, P.R. Creatine kinase isoenzyme profiles after exercise in the rat: sex-linked differences in leakage of CK-MM. Pflugers Arch. 412, 417–421 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01907561
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01907561