Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Modelling of natural sources of magnetospheric origin in the interpretation of regional induction studies: A review

  • Published:
Surveys in Geophysics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Traditional interpretation of regional induction studies relies on the assumption that the external inducing field is quasi-form. My review is devoted to as clear as possible a definition of the limitations of this assumption, which is not always justified. Therefore, I will first systematically describe the actual current systems responsible for induction at high, middle or low-latitudes, and then review the means presently available for taking their localised nature into consideration when interpretating surface electromagnetic data. Realistic source models will be presented for all latitudes.

Résumé

Les méthodes géophysiques traditionnelles basées sur l'induction électromagnétique régionale utilisent toutes l'hypothèse de base suivant laquelle le champ externe inducteur est quasi-uniforme. Puisque cette hypothèse n'est pas toujours justifiable, ma revue a pour but de définir ses limites aussi clairement que possible. Pour ce faire, je décrirai d'abord systématiquement les véritables systèmes de courants responsables de l'induction à hautes, moyennes ou basses latitudes, pour passer ensuite aux méthodes permettant de prendre en considération leur étendue limitée lors de l'interprétation d'observations de surface. Des modèles réalistes de sources seront présentés pour toutes latitudes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Akasofu, S. I.: 1984, ‘The Magnetospheric Currents: An Introduction’, in T. A. Potemra (ed.),Magnetospheric Currents, Geophys. Monogr. 28, A.G.U., Washington, D.C., pp. 29–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, C. W., Lanzerotti, L. J., and MacLennan, C. G. 1976, ‘Local Time Variation of Induction Vectors as Indicators of Internal and External Current Systems’,Geophys. Res. Lett. 3, 495–498.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, C. W., Lanzerotti, L. J., and MacLennan, C. G.: 1978. ‘Local Time Variation of Geomagnetic Induction Vectors’,J. Geophys. Res. 83, 3469–3484.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andre, D. and Baumjohann, W.: 1982, ‘Joint Two-Dimensional Observations of Ground Magnetic and Ionospheric Fields Associated with Auroral Currents. 5. Current System Associated with Eastward Drifting Omega Bands’,J. Geophys. 50, 194–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Babour, K. and Mosnier, J.: 1980, ‘Direct Determination of the Characteristics of the Current Responsible for the Geomagnetic Anomaly of the Rhinegraben’,Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. Soc. 60, 327–332.

    Google Scholar 

  • Babour, K., Mosnier, J., Daignieres, M., Vasseur, G., Le Mouel, J. L., and Rossignol, J. C.: 1976, ‘A Geomagnetic Variation Anomaly in the Northern Pyrénées’,Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. Soc. 45, 583–600.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bannister, J. R. and Gough, D. I.: 1977, ‘Development of a Polar Magnetic Substorm: A Two-Dimensional Magnetometer Array Study’,Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. Soc. 51, 75–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bannister, J. R. and Gough, D. I.: 1978, ‘A Study of Two Polar Magnetic Substorms with a Two-Dimensional Magnetometer Array’,Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. Soc. 53, 1–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumjohann, W.: 1983, ‘Ionospheric and Field-Aligned Current Systems in the Auroral Zone: A Concise Review’,Adv. Space Res. 2, 55–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumjohann, W., Greenwald, R. A., and Kuppers, F.: 1978, ‘Joint Magnetometer Array and Radar Backscatter Observations of Auroral Currents in Northern Scandinavia’,J. Geophys. 44, 373–383.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumjohann, W., Untiedt, J., and Greenwald, R. A. 1980, ‘Joint two-Dimensional Observations of Ground Magnetic and Ionospheric Electric Fields Associated with Auroral Zone Currents. 1. Three-Dimensional Current Flow Associated with a Substorm Intensified Eastward Electrojet’,J. Geophys. Res. 85, 1963–1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumjohann, W. and Kamide, Y.: 1981, ‘Joint Two-Dimensional Observations of Ground Magnetic and Ionospheric Electric Fields Associated with Auroral Zone Currents. 2. Three-Dimensional Flow in the Morning Sector During Substorm Recovery’,J. Geomag. Geoelectr. 33, 297–318.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumjohann, W. and Friis-Christensen, E.: 1984, ‘Dayside High-Latitude Ionospheric Current Systems’, in J. Holtet and A. Egeland (eds.),The Morphology and Dynamics of the Polar Cusp, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, Holland, pp. 223–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beamish, D.: 1979, ‘Source Field Effects on Transfer Functions at Mid-Latitudes’,Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. Soc. 58, 117–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beamish, D.: 1980, ‘Diurnal Characteristics of Transfer Functions at Pulsation Periods’,Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. Soc. 61, 623–643.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beamish, D. and Johnson, P. M. 1982, ‘Difficulties in the Application of Magnetic Field Gradient Analysis to Induction Studies’,Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 28, 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berdichevsky, M. N., Dmitriev, V. I., and Schmucker, U.: 1981,Generalised Magnetotelluric and Magnetic Gradient Relations for a Layered Half-Space. Presented at IAGA General Assembly, Edinburgh, August 3–15.

  • Bhattacharya, A.: 1981, ‘Induced Magnetic Field of the Equatorial Electrojet at the Surface of the Earth’,Geophys. J.-Roy. Astr. Soc. 67, 557–563.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blanc, M.: 1979, ‘Electrodynamics of the Ionosphere from Incoherent Scatter: A Review’,J. Geomag. Geoelectr. 31, 137–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blanc, M. and Richmond, A. D.: 1980, ‘The Ionospheric Disturbance Dynamo’,J. Geophys. Res. 85, 1669–1686.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bleuler, E., Li, C. H., and Nisbet, J. S.: 1982, ‘Relations Between the Birkeland Currents, Ionospheric Currents, and Electric Fields’,J. Geophys. Res. 87, 757–776.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burrows, J. R., Hughes, T. W., and Wilson, M. D.: 1984, ‘A Study of High-Latitude Current Systems during Quiet Geomagnetic Conditions using Magsat Data’, in T. A. Potemra (ed.),Magnetospheric Currents, Geophys. Monogr. 28, A.G.U., Washington D.C., pp. 104–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cagniard, L.: 1953, ‘Basic Theory of the Magnetotelluric Method of Geophysical Prospecting’,Geophys. 18, 605–635.

    Google Scholar 

  • Camfield, P. A.: 1981, ‘Magnetometer Array Study in a Tectonically Active Region of Quebec, Canada’,Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. Soc. 65, 553–570.

    Google Scholar 

  • Camfield, P. A. and Gough, D. I.: 1975, ‘Anomalies in Daily Variation Magnetic Fields and Structure under Northwestern United States and Southwestern Canada’,Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. Soc. 41, 193–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlo, L., Singh, B. P., Rastogi, R. G., and Agarwal, A. K.: 1982, ‘The induced Effect of Geomagnetic Variations in the Equatorial Regions’,J. Geophys. 51, 199–205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crochet, M., Poman, C., and Hanuise, C.: 1976, ‘Radar Profiles of the Equatorial Electrojet’,Geophys. Res. Lett. 3, 673–676.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dmitriev, V. I. and Berdichevsky, M. N.: 1979, ‘The Fundamental Model of Magnetotelluric Sounding’,Proc. IEEE. 67, 1034–1044.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dragert, H. and Clarke, G. K. C.: 1977, ‘A Detailed Investigation of the Canadian Cordillera Geomagnetic Transition Anomaly’,J. Geophys. Res. 42, 373–390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ducruix, J., Courtillot, V., and Le Mouel, J. L.: 1977, ‘On the Induction Effects Associated with the Equatorial Electrojet’,J. Geophys. Res. 82, 335–351.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fambitakoye, O.: 1973, ‘Effects Induits par l'Electrojet Equatorial au Centre de l'Afrique’,Ann. Geophys. 29, 149–169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fambitakoye, O.: 1976,Etude des effects magnétiques de l'électrojet équatorial, Géophysique 14 ORSTOM, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fambitakoye, O. and Mayaud, P. N.: 1975, ‘Equatorial Electrojet and Regular Daily Variations SR — IV. Special Features in Particular Days’,J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 38, 123–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fambitakoye, O. and Mayaud, P. N.: 1976a, ‘Equatorial Electrojet and Regular Daily Variation SR — I. A Determination of the Equatorial Electrojet Parameters’,J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 38, 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fambitakoye, O. and Mayaud, P. N.: 1976b, ‘Equatorial Electrojet and Regular Daily Variation SR — II. The Centre of the Equatorial Electrojet’,J. Atmosph. Terr. Phys. 38, 19–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fambitakoye, O., Mayaud, P. N., and Richmond, A. D.: 1976, ‘Equatorial Electrojet and Regular Daily Variation SR — III. Comparison of Observations with a Physical Model’,J. Atmosph. Terr. Phys. 38, 113–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forbes, J. M.: 1981, ‘The Equatorial Electrojet’,Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 19, 469–504.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forbush, S. E. and Casaverde, M.: 1961,Equatorial Electrojet in Peru, Carnegie Inst. Washington, Publ. 620.

  • Friis-Christensen, E.: 1984, ‘Polar Cap Current Systems’, in T. A. potemra (ed.),Magnetospheric Currents, Geophys. Monogr. 28, A.G.U., Washington D.C., pp. 86–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gagnepain, J. M., Crochet, M., and Richmond, A. D.: 1977, ‘Comparison of Equatorial Electrojet Models’,J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 39, 1119–1124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glassmeier, K.-H.: 1984, ‘On the Influence of Ionospheres with Non-Uniform Conductivity Distribution on Hydromagnetic Waves’,J. Geophys. 54, 125–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gough, D. I. and Bannister, J. R.: 1978, ‘A Polar Magnetic Substorm Observed in the Evening Sector with a Two-Dimensional Magnetometer Array’,Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. Soc. 55, 435–450.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gough, D. I. and de Beer, J. D.: 1980, ‘Source-Field Bias in Geomagnetic Transfer Functions: A Case History’,J. Geomag. Geoelectr. 32, 471–482.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwald, R. A.: 1979, ‘Studies of Currents and Electric Fields in the Auroral Zone Ionosphere Using Radar Auroral Backscatter’, in S. I. Akasofu (ed.),Dynamics of the Magnetosphere, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, Holland, pp. 213–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, J. C.: 1973, ‘On Solar and Lunar Equatorial Electrojets’,Ann. Geophys. 29, 49–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hermance, J. F.: 1984, ‘Electromagnetic Induction by Finite Wavenumber Source Fields in 2-D Lateral Heterogeneities: The Transverse Electric Mode’,Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. Soc. 78, 159–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hermance, J. F. and Garland, G. D.: 1968, ‘Deep Electrical Structure under Iceland’,J. Geophys. Res. 73, 3797–3800.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hermance, J. F. and Peltier, W. R.: 1970, ‘Magnetotelluric Fields of a Line Current’,J. Geophys. Res. 75, 3351–3355.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hibbs, R. D. and Jones, F. W.: 1973, ‘Electromagnetic Induction in the Earth by a Symmetric Non-Uniform Source’,Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. Soc. 32, 269–277.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hibbs, R. D. and Jones, F. W.: 1978, ‘The Calculation of Perturbation and Induction Arrows for a Three-Dimensional Conductivity Model and Various Two-Dimensional Source Fields’,J. Geophys. Res. 83, 5479–5485.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horning, B. L., McPherron, R. L., and Jackson, D. D.: 1974, ‘Application of Linear Inverse Theory to a Line Current Model of Substorm Current System’,J. Geophys. Res. 79, 5205–5210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, T. J. and Rostoker, G.: 1979, ‘A Comprehensive Model Current System for High-Latitude Magnetic Activity—I—The Steady State System’,Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. Soc. 58, 525–569.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, W. J. and Wait, J. R.: 1975a, ‘Effective Wave Tilt and Surface Impedance over a Laterally Inhomogeneous Two-Layer Earth’,Radio Science 10, 1001–1008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, W. J. and Wait, J. R.: 1975b, ‘Electromagnetic Induction over a Two-Layer Earth with a Sinusoidal Overburden’,Pageoph. 113, 591–599.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, W. J. and Southwood, D. J.: 1976a, ‘The Screening of Micropulsation Signals by the Atmosphere and Ionosphere’,J. Geophys. Res. 81, 3234–3240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, W. J. and Southwood, D. J.: 1976b, ‘An Illustration of Modification of Geomagnetic Pulsation Structure by the Ionosphere’,J. Geophys. Res. 81, 3241–3247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutton, R.: 1969, ‘Electromagnetic Induction in the Earth by the Equatorial Electrojet’,Nature 222, 363–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutton, R.: 1972, ‘Some Problems of Electromagnetic Induction in the Equatorial Electrojet Region. I —Magneto-Telluric Relations’,Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. Soc. 28, 2167–284.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutton, R. and Leggeat, A.: 1972, ‘Some Problems of Electromagnetic Induction in the Equatorial Electrojet Region. II — The Analysis of Magnetic and Telluric Variations at Zaria, Nigeria’,Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. Soc. 28, 411–424.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iijima, T.: 1984, ‘Field-Aligned Currents during Northward IMF’, in T. A. Potemra (ed.), ‘Magnetospheric Currents’, Geophys. Monogr. 28, AGU, Washington D.C., pp. 115–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingham, M. R., Bingham, D. K., and Gough, D. I.: 1983, ‘A Magnetovariational Study of a Geothermal Anomaly’,Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. Soc. 72, 597–618.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iwasaki, N. and Nishida, A.: 1967, ‘Ionospheric Current System Produced by an External Electric Field in the Polar Cap’,Rept. Ionosph. Space Res. Japan 2, 17–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, A. G.: 1980, ‘Geomagnetic Induction Studies in Scandinavia. I — Determination of the Inductive Response Function from the Magnetometer Array Data’,J. Geophys. 48, 181–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, A. G.: 1981, ‘Geomagnetic Induction Studies in Scandinavia. II — Geomagnetic Depth Sounding, Induction Vectors and Coast Effect’,J. Geophys. 50, 23–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, A. G.: 1982, ‘Observations of the Electrical Asthenosphere Beneath Scandinavia’,Tectonophysics 90, 37–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaikkonen, P.: 1986, ‘Numerical Electromagnetic Modelling Including Studies of Characteristic Dimension: A Review’,Surveys in Geophysics 8, 000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamide, Y. and Brekke, A.: 1975, ‘Abnormal Electrojet Current Density Deduced from the Chatanika Radar and from the Alaska Meridian Chain of Magnetic Observatories’,J. Geophys. Res. 80, 587–594.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamide, Y., Richmond, A. D., and Matsushita, S.: 1981, ‘Estimation of Ionospheric Electric Fields, Ionospheric Currents and Field-Aligned Currents from Ground Magnetic Records’,J. Geophys. Res. 86, 801–813.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kao, D.: 1984, ‘Geoelectromagnetic Induction by a Line Current in the Ionosphere’, submitted toAnn. Geophys.

  • Kisabeth, J. L.: 1975, ‘Substorm Fields in and near the Auroral Zone’,Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 10, 241–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kisabeth, J. L.: 1979, ‘On Calculating Magnetic and Vector Potential Fields due to Large Scale Magnetospheric Current Systems and Induced Currents in an Infinitely Conducting Earth’, in W. P. Olsen (ed.),Quantitative Modelling of Magnetospheric Processes, Geophys. Monogr. 21, A.G.U., Washington D.C., pp. 473–498.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kisabeth, J. L. and Rostoker, G.: 1977, ‘Modeling of Three-Dimensional Current Systems Associated with Magnetospheric Substorms’,Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. Soc. 49, 655–683.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuppers, F., Untiedt, W., Baumjohann, W., Lange, K., and Jones, A. G.: 1979, ‘A Two-Dimensional Magnetometer Array for Ground-Based Observations of Auroral Zone Electric Current during the IMS’,J. Geophys. 46, 429–450.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lam, H. and Rostoker, G.: 1978, ‘The Relationship of Pc5 Micropulsation Activity in the Morning Sector to the Auroral Westward Electrojet’,Planet. Space Sci. 26, 473–492.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mareschal, M.: 1974, ‘Modeling the DP2 Ionospheric Currents’, in J. C. Adams and R. K. Rew (eds.),Summary reports — Fellowship in scientific computing summer 1974, N.C.A.R. TN/PROC 107, Boulder, Colorado, pp. 73–91.

  • Mareschal, M.: 1975,Some Problems Associated with the Inversion of Polar Magnetic Substorm Data Recorded at the Earth Surface, PhD Thesis, Dept. of Geophysics, TEXAS A&M Univ., College Station, Texas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mareschal, M.: 1976, ‘On the Problem of Simulating the Earth's Induction Effects in Modeling Polar Magnetic Substorms’,Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 14, 403–409.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mareschal, M.: 1981, ‘Source Effects and the Interpretation of Geomagnetic Sounding Data at Sub-Auroral Latitudes’,Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. Soc. 67, 125–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mareschal, M. and Kisabeth, J. L.: 1977, ‘Simulating the Earth's Induction Effects on Substorm Data Recorded at Mid-Latitude Stations. The Three-Dimensional Problem’,J. Geomag. Geoel. 28, 81–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mareschal, M., McDiarmid, R. D., and McNamara, A. G.: 1979, ‘Some Properties of Diffuse Radio Aurorae at High Aspect Angle’,J. Geophys. Res. 84 6687–6690.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marriott, R. I., Richmond, A. D., and Venkateswaran, S. V.: 1979, ‘The Quiet Time Equatorial Electrojet and Counter-Electrojet’,J. Geomag. Geoelectr. 31, 311–340.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsushita, S.: 1967, ‘Solar Quiet and Lunar Daily Variation Fields’, in S. Matsushita and W. H. Campbell (eds.),Physics of Geomagnetic Phenomena, Intern. Geophys. Series 11, Academic Press, New York, pp. 302–416.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayaud, P. N.: 1977, ‘The Equatorial Counter-Electrojet. A Review of its Geomagnetic Aspects’,j. Atmosph. Terr. Phys. 39, 1055–1070.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mazaudier, C. and Blanc, M.: 1982, ‘Electric Currents above Saint Santin. 2. Model’,J. Geophys. Res. 87, 2465–2480.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mishin, V. M., Bazarzhapov, A. D., and Shpynev, G. B.: 1979, ‘Electric Fields and Currents in the Earth's Magnetosphere’, in S. I. Akasofu (ed.),Dynamics of the Magnetosphere, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, Holland, pp. 249–268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagata, T. and Kokobun, J.: 1962, ‘An Additional Geomagnetic Daily Variation in Fields (S pq -field) in the Polar Region on Geomagnetically Quiet Days’,Rep. Ionos. Space Res. Japan 14, 256–267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nisbet, J. S.: 1982, ‘Relations Between the Birkeland Currents, the Auroral Electrojet Indices and High-Latitude Joule Heating’,J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 45, 7979–809.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nopper, R. W. and Carovillano, R. L.: 1979, ‘Ionospheric Electric Fields Driven by Field-Aligned Currents’, in W. P. Olsen (ed.),Quantitative Modeling of Magnetospheric Processes, Geophys. Monogr. 21, A.G.U., Washington D.C., pp. 557–568.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oldenburg, D. W.: 1976, ‘Ionospheric Current Structure as Determined from Ground-Based Magnetometer Data’,Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. Soc. 46, 41–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oni, E.: 1972, ‘A Mathematical Structure for a Theory of Electromagnetic Induction in the Earth in Low-Latitude’,Pure and Appl. Geophys. 101(9), 162–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oni, E.: 1973, ‘On the Correlation of the Ground Data at Ibadan with POGO Satellite Results’,J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 35, 1267–1271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oni, E.: 1984,A Research/Review of 15 Years of Electromagnetic Induction Studies at Ibadan, presented at the Workshop on Induction in the Moons and Planets, Ile-Ife, August 15–22.

  • Oni, E. and Alabi, A. O.: 1972, ‘Preliminary Results of the Upper Mantle Conductivity Structure in Nigeria’,Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 5, 179–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oni, E. and Agunloye, O.: 1974, ‘A Predominant Parameter of the Inducing Source Field for Induction Studies in Low-Latitudes’,Pure and Appl. Geophys. 112/6, 967–975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Onwumechilli, C. A.: 1967, ‘Geomagnetic Variations in the Equatorial Zone’, in S. Matsushita and W. H. Campbell (eds.),Physics of Geomagnetic Phenomena, Inter. Geophys. Series 11, Academic Press, New York, pp. 426–503.

    Google Scholar 

  • Onwumechilli, C. A. and Agu, C. E.: 1982, ‘Regional Variations of Equatorial Electrojet Parameters’,Ann. Geophys. 38, 307–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osipova, I. L.: 1983, ‘Consideration of the Influence of Ionospheric Source Field Structure on Deep Electromagnetic Sounding Results’, in S. E. Hjelt and L. L. Vanyan (eds.),The Development of the Deep Geoelectric Model of the Baltic Shield—Part 1—Numerical Methods, Report Nr 7, Dept. of Geophysics, Univ. of Oulu, Finland, pp. 8–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parkinson, W. D.: 1983,Introduction to Geomagnetism, Elsevier, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pashin, A. B., Glassmeier, K.-H., Baumjohann, W., Raspopov, O. M., Yahnin, A. G., Opgenoorth, H. J., and Pellinen, R. J.: 1982, Pi2 Magnetic Pulsations, Auroral Break-Ups, and the Substorm Current Wedge: A Case Study’,J. Geophys. 51, 223–233.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pellinen, R. J., Baumjohann, W., and Nielsen, E.: 1982, ‘Examples of Multi-Instrumental Studies on Auroral Phenomena’, inThe IMS Source Book, A.G.U., Washington D.C., pp. 124–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peltier, W. R. and Hermance, J. F.: 1971, ‘Magnetotelluric Field of a Gaussian Electrojet’,Canad. J. Earth Sci. 8, 338–346.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porath, H., Gough, D. I., and Camfield, P. A.: 1971, ‘Conductive Structures in the North-Western United States and South-West Canada’,Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. Soc. 23, 387–398.

    Google Scholar 

  • Price, A. T.: 1950, ‘Electromagnetic Induction in a Semi-Infinite Conductor with a Plane Boundary’,Q. J. Mech. Appl. Mech. 2, 283–310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Price, A. T.: 1962, ‘The Theory of the Magnetotelluric Method when the Source Field is Considered’,J. Geophys. Res. 67, 1907–1918.

    Google Scholar 

  • Price, A. T.: 1967, ‘Electromagnetic Induction within the Earth’, in S. Matsushita and W. H. Campbell (eds.),Physics of Geomagnetic Phenomena, Intern. Geophys. Series 11, Academic Press, New York, pp. 235–295.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quon, C., Vozoff, K., Hoversten, M., Morrison, H. F., and Lee, K. H.: 1979, ‘Localized Source Effects on Magnetotelluric Apparent Resistivities’,J. Geophys. 46, 291–299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rae, I. C.: 1982, ‘The Field Induced in a Two-Layer Medium by an Arbitrary Source’,Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. Soc. 69, 49–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rastogi, S., Arora, B. R., and Singh, B. P.: 1984,Source Field Geometry and Electromagnetic Induction in the Earth: Some Observational Results, presented at the Workshop on Induction in the Moons and Planets, Ile-Ife, August 15–22.

  • Reiff, P. H.: 1984, ‘Models of Auroral Zone Conductance’, in T. A. Potemra (ed.),Magnetospheric Currents, Geophys. Monogr. 28, A.G.U., Washington D.C., pp. 180–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richmond, A. D.: 1973a, ‘Equatorial Electrojet — I — Development of a Model Including Winds and Instabilities’,J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 35, 1083–1103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richmond, A. D.: 1973b, ‘Equatorial Electrojet — II — Use of the Model to Study the Equatorial Ionosphere’,J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 35, 1105–1118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richmond, A. D.: 1979, ‘Ionospheric Wind Dynamo Theory. A Review’,J. Geomag. Geoelectr. 31, 287–310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richmond, A. D.: 1983, ‘Ionospheric Electrodynamics and Irregularities: A Review of Contributions by U.S. Scientists from 1979 to 1982’,Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 21, 234–241.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richmond, A. D. and Baumjohann, W.: 1984, ‘Three-Dimensional Analysis of Magnetometer Array Data’,J. Geophys. 54, 138–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, R. M.: 1984, ‘Coordinated Ground and Satellite Observations of Conductivities, Electric Fields, and Field-Aligned Currents’, in T. A. Potemra (ed./),Magnetospheric Currents, Geophys. Monogr. 28, A.G.U., Washington D.C., pp. 192–199.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rostoker, G.: 1979, ‘The Auroral Electrojets’, in S. I. Akasofu (ed.),Dynamics of the Magnetosphere, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, Holland, pp. 201–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rostoker, G. and Hughes, T. J.: 1979, ‘A Comprehensive Model Currents System for High-Latitude Magnetic Activity. II — The Substorm Component’,Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. Soc. 58, 571–581.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rostoker, G. and Mareschal, M.: 1982, ‘Field-Aligned Current and the Auroral Electrojet in the Post-Noon Quadrant’,J. Geophys. Res. 87, 9071–9076.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rostoker, G., Mareschal, M., and Samson, J. C.: 1982, ‘Response of Dayside Net Downward Field-Aligned Current to Changes in the IMF and to Substorm Perturbations’,J. Geophys. Res. 87, 3489–3510.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samson, J. C. and Rostoker, G.: 1981, ‘Response of Dayside Pc5 Pulsations to Substorm Activity in the Nighttime Magnetosphere’,J. Geophys. Res. 86, 733–752.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samson, J. C. and Rostoker, G.: 1983, ‘Polarization Characteristics of Pi2 Pulsations and Implications for their Source Mechanisms: Influence of the Westward Travelling Surge’,Planet. Space Sci. 31, 435–458.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmucker, U.: 1970,Anomalies of Geomagnetic Variations in the Southwestern United States, Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., Bull. 13, Calif. Press.

  • Schmucker, U.: 1973, ‘Regional Induction Studies. A Review of Methods and Results’,Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 7, 365–379.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmucker, U.: 1980, ‘Induktion in geschichteten Halbraümen durch inhomogene Felder’, in V. Haak and J. Homilius (eds.),Protokoll Kolloquium Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung Berlin-Lichtenrade 1980, Niedersachs, Landesamt für Bodenforschung, Stilleweg 2, 3000 Hannover 51, pp. 197–210.

  • Shaub, Y. B.: 1979, ‘The Dependence of the Surface Impedance of the Earth on Position and Nature of the Magnetotelluric Field’,Izvestiya Earth Phys. 15, 445–446.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaub, Y. B.: 1980, ‘Distortion of Frequency Impedance Characteristics at Finite Distances from the Source of a Magnetotelluric Field’,Izvestiya Earth Phys. 16, 796–797.

    Google Scholar 

  • Southwood, D. J.: 1983, ‘Wave Generation in the Terrestrial Magnetosphere’,Space Science Rev. 34, 259–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Southwood, D. J. and Hughes, W. J.: 1978, ‘Source Induced Vertical Components in Geomagnetic Pulsation Signals’,Planet. Space Sci. 26, 715–720.

    Google Scholar 

  • Southwood, D. J. and Hughes, W. J.: 1983, ‘Theory of Hydromagnetic Waves in the Magnetosphere’,Space Science Rev. 35, 301–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava, S. P.: 1965, ‘Method of Interpretation of Magnetotelluric Data when the Source Field is Considered’,J. Geophys. Res. 70, 945–954.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sulzbacher, H., Baumjohann, W., and Poterma, T. A.: 1980, ‘Coordinated Magnetic Observations of Morning Sector Auroral Zone Currents with Triad and the Scandinavian Study’,j. Geophys. 48, 7–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sulzbacher, H., Baumjohann, W., Potemra, T. A., Nielsen, E., and Gustofsson, G.: 1982, ‘Observations of Ionospheric and Field-Aligned Currents in the Late Afternoon Sector with Triad and the Scandinavian Magnetometer Array’,J. Geophys. 51, 55–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tikhonov, A. N.: 1950, ‘On the Determination of the Electrical Characteristics of the Deep Structure of the Earth's Crust’,Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR. 73, 295–297.

    Google Scholar 

  • Untiedt, J.: 1967, ‘A Model of the Equatorial Electrojet Involving Meridional Currents’,J. Geophys. Res. 72, 5799–5810.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uspensky, M. V., Pellinen, R. J., Baumjohann, W., Starkov, G. V., Nielsen, E., Sofko, G., and Kauila, K. U.: 1983, ‘Spatial Variations of Ionospheric Conductivity and Radar Auroral Amplitude in the Eastward Electrojet Region during Pre-Substorm Conditions’,J. Geophys. 52, 40–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vanyan, L. L. and Butkovskaya, A. I.: 1980,Magnetotelluric Sounding in Stratified Media, Nedra, Moscow.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vanyan, L. L., Fainberg, E. B., and Genis, N. E.: 1975, ‘Deep Sounding by Ground-Based and Satellite Measurements of the Equatorial Electrojet Magnetic Field’,Geomag. and Aeron. 15, 139–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wait, J. R.: 1953, ‘Propagation of Radio Waves over a Stratified Ground’,Geophysics 18, 416–422.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wait, J. R.: 1954, ‘On the Relation between Telluric Currents and the Earth's Magnetic Field’,Geophysics 19, 281–289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, J. T.: 1973, ‘Induction in a Layered Plane Earth by Uniform and Non-Uniform Source Fields’,Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 7, 266–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zanetti, L. J., Baumjohann, W., and Potemra, T. A.: 1983, ‘Ionospheric and Birkeland Current Distribution Inferred from Magsat Magnetometer Data’,J. Geophys. Res. 88, 4875–4884.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre Géologique et Géophysique, Université des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 34060, Montpellier, France

    Marianne Mareschal

Authors
  1. Marianne Mareschal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Mareschal, M. Modelling of natural sources of magnetospheric origin in the interpretation of regional induction studies: A review. Surv Geophys 8, 261–300 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01904062

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01904062

Keywords

Search

Navigation