Summary
In sand culture the optimum nutrient solution manganese concentration for cotton is on the order of 3 ppm. Good growth and fruiting were obtained at 27 ppm while 81 ppm proved to be highly toxic. Cotton plants containing 3000 ppm leaf manganese appeared normal and exhibited only a small reduction in growth. Leaf tissue levels in excess of 4000 ppm were highly toxic. In relation to tissue manganese, cotton is classified as a highly tolerant species.
High but non-toxic levels of manganese were associated with earliness as measured by the percent of crop produced at the second harvest and in the date of appearance of the first flower. It is suggested that high tissue manganese may be associated with differentiation.
When supplied to the roots, manganese is readily translocated and accumulates in the leaves. When applied as a foliar spray, manganese remained in or on the leaves and little or no translocation occurred to the stems and roots.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis, 9th Ed. Washington, 1960.
Bukovac, M. J. and Wittwer, S. H., Absorption and mobility of foliar applied nutrients. Plant Physiol.32, 428–435 (1957).
Chapman, H. D., The status of present criteria for the diagnosis of nutrient conditions in citrus.In Plant Analysis and Fertilizer Problems, W. Reuther ed. pp. 75–106. Am. Inst. Biol. Sci., Washington 6, D.C. (1961).
Donald, L., Nutrient deficiencies in cotton.In: Hunger Signs in Crops, H. B. Sprague ed., pp. 59–98. David McKay Co., New York, N.Y. (1964).
Furuya, M. and Galston, A. W., Effect of in vitro preincubation with cofactors on the activity of the indoleacetic acid oxidase of peas. Physiol. Plantarum14, 750–766 (1961).
Hewitt, E. J., Sand and Water Culture Methods used in the Study of Plant Nutrition. Commonwealth Agr. Bur. Farnham Royal, Bucks, England (1952).
Hiatt, A. J. and Ragland, J. L., Manganese toxicity of Burley tobacco. Agron. J.55, 47–49 (1963).
Hoagland, D. R. and Arnon, D. I., The water culture method for growing plants without soil. california Agr. Exp. Sta. Circ.347 (1938).
Jensen, W. A., The histochemical localization of peroxidase in roots and its induction by indoleacetic acid. Plant Physiol.30, 426–431 (1955).
Kruglova, E. K., The efficiency of manganese and boron as fertilizers for cotton plants in Central Asia. Sbornik Nauch. Statei Komsomol Tsev, Soyuz NiKhI (Tashkent) 228–244; (C.A. 37, 4191) (1939).
Löhnis, M. P., Effect of magnesium and calcium supply on the uptake of manganese by various crop plants. Plant and Soil12, 339–376 (1960).
Millikan, C. R., Relation between nitrogen source and the effects on flax of an excess of manganese or molybdenum in the nutrient solution. Australian J. Sci. Research, Series B3, 450–473 (1950).
Neal, D. C. and Lovett, H. C., Further studies of crinkle leaf, a disorder of cotton plants prevalent in Sintonia and Oliver silt loam soils of Louisiana. Phytopathology28, 582–587 (1938).
Page, E. R., Schofield-Palmer, E. K., and MacGregor, A. J., Studies in soil and plant manganese. IV. Superphosphate fertilization and manganese content of young oat plants. Plant and Soil19, 255–264 (1963).
Romney, E. M., and Toth, S. J. Plant and soil studies with radioactive manganese. Soil Sci.77, 107–117 (1954).
Sorour, F. A., Certain factors affecting manganese and molybdenum accumulation and distribution in the cotton plant. Ph.D. Dissertation, Texas A & M University (1963).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Joham, H.E., Amin, J.V. The influence of foliar and substrate application of manganese on cotton. Plant Soil 26, 369–379 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01880186
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01880186