Summary
A study of the temperature dependence of gramicidin A conductance of K+ in diphytanoyllecithin/n-decane membranes shows the plot of In (single channel conductance) as a function of reciprocal temperature to be nonlinear for the most probable set of conductance, states. These results are considered in terms of a series of barriers, of the dynamics of channel conformation,vis-a-vis the peptide libration mechanism, and of the effect of lipid viscosity on side chain motions again as affecting the energetics of peptide libration.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson, O.S., Procopio, J. 1980. Ion movements through gramicidin A channels. On the importance of the aqueous diffusion resistance and ion water interactions.Acta Physiol. Scand. Suppl. 481:27–35
Apell, H.-J., Bamberg, E., Alpes, H., Läuger, P. 1977. Formation of ion channels by a negatively charged analog of gramicidin A.J. Membrane Biol. 31:171–188
Bamberg, E., Apell, H.-J., Alpes, H. 1977. Structure of the gramicidin A channel: Discrimination between theL, d, and the πL, d helix by electrical measurements with lipid bilayer membranes.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:2402–2406
Bamberg, E., Noda, K., Gross, E., Läuger, P. 1976. Singlechannel parameters of gramicidin A, B and C.Biochim. Biophys. Acta 419:223–228
Bradley, R.J., Romine, W.O., Long, M.M., Ohnishi, T., Jacobs, M.A., Urry, D.W. 1977. Synthetic, peptide K+ carrier with Ca2+ inhibition.Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 178:468–474
Bradley, R.J., Urry, D.W., Okamoto, K., Rapaka, R.S. 1978. Channel structures of gramicidin: Characterization of succinyl derivatives.Science 200:435–437
Busath, D., Szabo, G. 1981. Gramicidin forms multi-state rectifying channels.Nature (London) 294:371–373
Debrunner, P.G., Frauenfelder, H. 1982. Dynamics of Proteins.Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 33:283–299
Eisenman, G., Sandblom, J.P. 1983. Energy barriers in ionic channels: Data for gramicidin A interpreted using a singlefile (3B4S″) model having three barriers separating 4 sites.In: Physical Chemistry of Transmembrane Ion Motions. G. Spach, editor. pp. 329–348. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam
Eisenman, G., Sandblom, J., Hagglund, J. 1983. Electrical behavior of single-filing channels.In: Structure and Function of Excitable Cells. D.C. Chang, I. Tasaki, W.J. Adelman, Jr., and H.R. Leuchtag, editors. pp. 383–413. Plenum, New York
Eisenman, G., Sandblom, J., Neher, E. 1978. Interactions in cation permeation through the gramicidin channel Cs, Rb, K, Na, Li Tl, H and effects of anion binding.Biophys. J. 22:307–340
Finkelstein, A., Andersen, O.S. 1981. The gramicidin A channel: A review of its permeability characteristics with special reference to the single-file aspect of transport.J. Membrane Biol. 59:155–171
Henze, R., Neher, E., Trapane, T.L., Urry, D.W. 1982. Dielectric relaxation studies of ionic processes in lysolecithin-packaged gramicidin channels.J. Membrane Biol. 64:233–239
Hladky, S.B., Haydon, D.A. 1972. Ion transfer across lipid membranes in the presence of gramicidin A: I. Studies of the unit conductance channel.Biochim. Biophys. Acta 274:294–312
Hladky, S.B., Urban, B.W., Haydon, D.A. 1979. Ion movements in pores formed by gramicidin A.In: Membrane Transport Processes. C.F. Stevens and R.W. Tsien, editors. Vol. 3, p. 89. Raven Press, New York
Horn, R., Lange, K. 1983. Estimating, kinetic constants from single channel data.Biophys. J. 43:207–223
Koeppe, R.E., II, Hodgson, K.O., Stryer, L. 1978. Helical channels in crystals of gramicidin A and of a cesium-gramicidin A complex: An X-ray diffraction study.J. Mol. Biol. 121:41–54
Krasne, S., Eisenman, G., Szabo, G. 1971. Freezing and melting of lipid bilayers and the mode of action of nonactin, valinomycin and gramicidin.Science 174:412–415
Läuger, P. 1980. Kinetic properties of ion carriers and channels.J. Membrane Biol. 57:163–178
Ooi, T., Scott, R.A., Vanderkooi, G., Scheraga, H.A. 1967. Conformational analysis of macromolecules: IV. Helical structures of polyl-alanine, polyl-valine, poly-β-methyl,l-aspartate, poly γ-methyl-l-glutamate and polyl-tyrosine.J. Chem. Phys. 46:4410–4426
Prasad, K.U., Trapane, T.L., Busath, D., Szabo, G., Urry, D.W. 1982. Synthesis and characterization of 1-13C-D·Leu12,14 gramicidin A.Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. 19:162–171
Ramachandran, G.N., Ramakrishnan, C., Sasisekharan, V. 1963. Stereochemistry of polypeptide chain configurations.J. Mol. Biol. 7:95–99
Robinson, R.A., Stokes, R.H. 1955. Electrolyte Solutions. Appendix Table 6.2, p. 452. Academic, New York
Urry, D.W. 1973. Polypeptide conformation and biological function: β-helices (π L,D-helices) as permselective, transmembrane channels.In: Conformation of Biological Molecules and Polymers—The Jerusalem Symposia on Quantum Chemistry and Biochemistry. E.D. Bergmann and B. Pullman, editors. pp. 723–736. Israel, Academy of Sciences, Jerusalem
Urry, D.W. 1984. On the molecular structure of the gramicidin transmembrane channel.In: The Enzymes of Biological Membranes. A.N. Martonosi, editor. Plenum, New York (in press)
Urry, D.W., Goodall, M.C., Glickson, J.D., Mayers, D.F. 1971. The gramicidin A transmembrane channel: Characteristics of head to head dimerizedπ (L,D) helices.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68:19070–1911
Urry, D.W., Prasad, K.U., Trapane, T.L. 1982. Location of monovalent cation binding sites in the gramicidin channel.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:390–394
Urry, D.W., Trapane, T.L., and Prasad, K.U. 1983. Is the gramicidin A transmembrane channel single stranded or double stranded helix? A simple, unequivocal determination.Science 221:1064–1067
Urry, D.W., Trapane, T.L., Romanowski, S., Bradley, R.J., Prasad, K.U. 1983. On the use of synthetic gramicidins in the determination of channel structure and mechanism.Int. J. Pept Protein Res. 21:16–23
Urry, D.W., Trapane, T.L., Walker, J.T., Prasad, K.U. 1982. On the relative membrane permeability of Na+ and Ca2+: A physical basis for the messenger role of Ca2+.J. Biol. Chem. 257:6659–6661
Urry, D.W., Venkatachalam, C.M., Prasad, K.U., Bradley, R.J., Parenti-Castelli, G., Lenaz, G. 1981. Conduction processes of the gramicidin channel.Int. J. Quant. Chem.: Quant. Biol. Symp. 8:385–399
Urry, D.W., Venkatachalam, C.M., Spisni, A., Bradley, R.J., Trapane, T.L., Prasad, K.U. 1980. The malonyl gramicidin channel: NMR-derived rate constants and comparison of calculated and experimental single channel currents.J. Membrane Biol. 55:29–51
Urry, D.W., Venkatachalam, C.M., Spisni, A., Läuger, P., Khaled, M.A. 1980. Rate theory calculation of gramicidin single channel currents using NMR-derived rate constants.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:2028–2032
Urry, D.W., Walker, J.T., Trapane, T.L. 1982. Ion interactions in (1-13C)d-Val8, andd-Leu14 analogs of gramicidin A, the helix sense of the channel and location of ion binding sites.J. Membrane Biol. 69:225–231
Venkatachalam, C.M., Urry, D.W. 1984. Theoretical analysis of gramicidin A transmembrane channel: II. Energetics of helical librational states of the channel.J. Comput. Chem. 5:64–71
Weinstein, S., Wallace, B., Blout, E.R., Morrow, J.S., Veatch, W. 1979. Conformation of gramicidin A channel in phospholipid vesicles: A13C and19F nuclear magnetic resonance study.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76:4230–4234
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Urry, D.W., Alonso-Romanowski, S., Venkatachalam, C.M. et al. Temperature dependence of single channel currents and the peptide libration mechanism for ion transport through the gramicidin A transmembrane channel. J. Membrain Biol. 81, 205–217 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01868714
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01868714