Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Contraception and the cervix

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Advances in Contraception

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. GouldP. R., BarterR. A. and PapdimitriouJ. M. (1979). An ultrastructural, cytochemical and autoradiographic study of the mucus membrane of the human cervical canal with reference to subcolumnar basal cells.Am. J. Pathol,95, 1

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. OdebladE. (1966). Micro NMR in high permanent magnetic fields.Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand.,45, 2

    Google Scholar 

  3. OdebladE. (1963). Studies on the molecular structure and function of human cervical mucus.J. Jpn. Obstet. Gynecol. Soc.,10, 273

    Google Scholar 

  4. OdebladE. (1968). The functional structure of human cervical mucus.Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand., 47 (Suppl), 59

    Google Scholar 

  5. SchumacherG. F. B., KimM. H., HosseinianA. H. and DuponC. (1977). Immunoglobulins, preternase inhibitors, albumin and lysozyme in human cervical mucus.Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.,129, 629–636

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. WongW. P. (1978). Sperm antibodies in the cervical mucus and sera and postcoital tests in infertile women.Euro. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol.,8, 363–368

    Google Scholar 

  7. DaunterB. and LutgenP. (1982). Cervical mucus. In:Atlas of Human Reproduction, E. S. E.Hafez and P.Keneman, eds., MTP Press, Boston, pp. 55–59

    Google Scholar 

  8. BeerA. and NeavesW. B. (1978). Antigenic status of semen from the viewpoints of the female and male.Fertil. Steril.,29, 3–22

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. EliezerN. (1974). Viscoelastic properties of mucus.Biorheology,11, 61–68

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. OdebladE. and RudolfssonC. (1973). Types of cervical secretions: Biophysical characteristics. In:The Biology of the Cervix, R. J.Blandau and K. S.Moghissi, eds., University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 267–285

    Google Scholar 

  11. Odeblad, E. (1973). Biophysical techniques of assessing cervical mucus and microstructure of cervical epithelium. In:Cervical Mucus in Human Reproduction, M. Elstein, K. S. Moghissi and R. Borth, eds., WHO Colloquium, Scriptor, Copenhagen, pp. 58–74

  12. AndreF.,et al. (1972). Use of gas-liquid chromatography in the analysis of hydrolysates of bovine estrus cervical glycoprotein.Carbohyd. Res.,25, 395–398

    Google Scholar 

  13. DaunterB., ChantlerE. N. and ElsteinM. (1976). Scanning electron microscopy of human cervical mucus in the non-pregnant and pregnant states.Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol.,83, 738–743

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. DaunterB. (1984). Biochemical and functional-structural aspects of human cervical mucus.Scanning Electron Microscopy,1, 343–358

    Google Scholar 

  15. ChretienF. C., CohenJ., BorgV.,et al. (1975). Human cervical mucus during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy in normal and pathological conditions.J. Reprod. Med.,14, 192–196

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. GouldK. G. (1978). Application of SEM/EDX to analysis of cervical mucus.Scanning,1, 215–224

    Google Scholar 

  17. GouldK. G. and AnsariA. H. (1981). Electrolyte interaction in cervical mucus and their relationship to circulating hormone levels.Contraception,23, 507–513

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. ElsteinM., MitchellR. F. and StrettJ. T. (1971). Ultrastructure of cervical mucus.J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Commonw.,78, 180–183

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. GibbonsR. A. and MattnerP. E. (1971). The chemical and physical characteristics of the cervical secretion and its role in reproductive physiology. In:Pathways to Conception, A. I.Sherman ed., Chas. C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, pp. 143–155

    Google Scholar 

  20. Bushana RaoK. S. P.,et al. (1976). Susceptibility of cervical mucus to enzymes. In:Human Semen and Fertility Regulation in Men, E. S. E.Hafez, ed., C. V. Mosby, St. Louis, pp. 237–242

    Google Scholar 

  21. KesseruE. and WestphalN. (1975). Variation in the sialic acid-protein ratio in the human cervical mucus.Reproduction,2, 131–136

    Google Scholar 

  22. BettleheimF. A. and DeyS. K. (1965). Molecular parameters of submaxillary mucins.Biochemistry,109, 259–264

    Google Scholar 

  23. DaunterB.,et al. (1981). Cervical mucus: Biological functions. In:Human Reproduction in Three Dimensions, E. S. E.Hafez and P.Kenemans, eds., Upjohn, The Netherlands, pp. 7–8

    Google Scholar 

  24. MeyerF. A., KingM. and GelmanR. A. (1975). On the role of sialic acid in the rheological properties of mucus.Biochim. Biophys. Acta,392, 223–227

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. GibbonsR. A. and SellwoodR. (1971). The macromolecular biochemistry of cervical secretions. In:The Biology of the Cervix, R. J.Blandau and K. S.Moghissi, eds., University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 251–263

    Google Scholar 

  26. ElsteinM. (1970). The proteins of cervical mucus and the influence of progestogens.J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Commonw.,77, 443–456

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. BeckK. J. and WeitzelH. (1972). Proteinveränderungen im Zervixschleim nach einmaliger praovulatorischer Behandlung mit einem Retrogrogesteron.Geburtsch. Frauenheilk.,32, 593–597

    Google Scholar 

  28. Masson, P. L. (1973). In:Cervical Mucus in Reproduction, M. Elstein, K. S. Moghissi and R. Borth, eds., Scriptor, Copenhagen, pp. 82–92

  29. OdebladE. (1962). Undulations of macromolecules in cervical mucus.Int. J. Fertil.,7, 313–319

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. IacobelliS., CarceaN. and AngeloniC. (1971). Biochemistry of cervical mucus: A comparative analysis of the secretion.Fertil. Steril.,22, 727–734

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. KentP. W., AckersJ. P. and MarsdenJ. C. (1976). Structural studies on the principal glycoprotein of the sheep colonic epithelium.Biochem. J.,105, 24

    Google Scholar 

  32. BartoliniR. (1974). Mucolytic activity of bromhexine. Possible use in gynecological therapy. In:Fertilita e Sterilita, F.Marches and E.Cittadini, eds., Minerva Medica, Taormina, Italy, pp. 711–738

    Google Scholar 

  33. DaunterB. and CounsilmanC. (1980). Cervical mucus: Its structure and possible biological function.Europ. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol.,10, 141–161

    Google Scholar 

  34. LeeW., BlandauR. J. and VerdugoP. (1977). Laser light-scattering studies of cervical mucus. In:The Uterine Cervix in Reproduction, V.Insler and G.Bettendorf, eds., Georg Thieme, Stuttgart, pp. 68–77

    Google Scholar 

  35. ChantlerE. (1982). Structure and function of cervical mucus. In:Mucus in Health and Disease II, E.Chantler, J.Elder and M.Epstein, eds., Plenum Press, New York, pp. 251–263

    Google Scholar 

  36. MoghissiK. (1971). Sperm migration through cervical mucus. In:Pathways to Conception. A. I.Sherman, ed., Chas. C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois. pp. 214–236.

    Google Scholar 

  37. WildeF. A. (1838). Das Weibliche Gebar-Unvermogen, Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  38. StopesM. C. (1923).Contraception. John Bale and Sons and Danielsson Ltd., London

    Google Scholar 

  39. Allbut, H. A. (1887).The Wife's Handbook, Fordar, London.

  40. KafkaK. (1908). Uber den Neuen Kappenverschluss des Muttermundes und seine Indikationen.Klinisch-Therapeutische Wochenschrift,50, 1390

    Google Scholar 

  41. WrightH. (1931). Indications for use of the Dumas and Pro-Race cervical caps. In:The Practice of Contraception, M.Sanger and H. M.Stone, eds., Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, p. 15.

    Google Scholar 

  42. PustW. (1931). Discussion of mechanical occlusive methods. In:The Practice of Contraception, M.Sanger and H. M.Stone, eds., Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp. 24 and 195

    Google Scholar 

  43. Konikow, M. (1921). Report on experience with the French pessary.Proceedings of the First American Birth Control Conference

  44. GrafenburgE. and DickinsonR. L. (1944).Conception control by plastic cervical cap. West. J. Surg.,52, 335

    Google Scholar 

  45. PrupesK. (1983). Custom cervical cap re-entering clincial trials.J. Am. Med. Assoc.,250, 1946–7 and 1951

    Google Scholar 

  46. KochJ. P. (1982). The Prentif contraceptive cervical cap: A contemporary study of its clinical safety and effectiveness.Contraception,25, 135–159

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. KochJ. P. (1982). The Prentif contraceptive cervical cap: Acceptability aspects and their implications for future cap design.Contraception,25, 161–173

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. LehfeldtH., SobreroA. J. and InglisW. (1961). Spermicidal effectiveness of chemical contraceptives used with the firm cervical cap.Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.,82, 446

    Google Scholar 

  49. Wortman, J. (1976). Barrier Methods. InPopulation Reports, Series H, Number 4, Jan. 1976

  50. Yarros, R. S. (1927).Report of the Illinois Birth Control League, Chicago

  51. BoehmD. (1983). The cervical contraceptive: effectiveness as a contraceptive.J. Nurse-Midwifery,28, 3–6

    Google Scholar 

  52. Greenhill H. A. and Glass R. H. Histologic effects of intracervical chlormadinone impregnated silastic devices in rabbits.Contraception,6, 287–294

  53. Scommenga, A., Pandya, G. N., Christ, M., Lee, A. W. and Cohen, M. R. (1969). Intrauterine administration of progesterone by a slow releasing device. Presented at the25th Meeting of the American Fertility Society, April 25–27, Miami, Florida

  54. GlassR. H. and MorrisJ. M. (1972). Antifertility effects of an intracervical progestational device.Biol. Reprod.,7, 160–165

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. PattinsonH. A., NutallI. D. and ElsteinM. (1982). A preliminary report on the intracervical contraceptive device — Its effect on cervical mucus.Adv. Exp. Med. Biol.,144, 289–291

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. PedronN., HicksJ. J., Lara-RicaldeR. and RosadoA. (1973). Effect of some contraceptive steroids upon the human spermatozoa.Contraception,7, 213–226

    Google Scholar 

  57. CohenM. R., PandyaG. N. and ScommengaA. (1970). The effects of an intracervical steroid-releasing device on the cervical mucus.Fertil. Steril.,21, 715–723

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. ElMahgoubS. (1982). Long-term intracervical contraception with a levonorgestrel device.Contraception,25, 357–375

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. KurunmakiH., ToivonenJ., LahteenmakiP. and LuukkainenT. (1981) Intracervical release of levonorgestrel for contraception.Contraception,23, 473–485

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. GallegosA. J. (1979). Vaginal rings releasing spermicides. In:Vaginal Contraceptives, G. I.Zatuchni, A. J.Sobrero, J. J.Speidel, J. J.Sciarra, eds., Harper and Row, Hagerstown, Maryland. pp. 188–193

    Google Scholar 

  61. WHO Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (1979). Intravaginal and intracervical devices for the delivery of regulating agents.J. Steroid Biochem.,11, 461–467

    Google Scholar 

  62. KurunmakiH., ToivonenJ., LahteenmakiP. L. A. and LuukkainenT. (1984). Intracervical release of ST-1435 for contraception.Contraception,29, 411–421

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. DagleG. E., SikovM. R., RoweS. E., BurtonF. G. and SkiensW. E. (1980). Effects of d-norgestrel-releasing intracervical devices in the nonhuman primate,Erythrocebus patas. Contraception,22, 409–423

    Google Scholar 

  64. WadsworthP. F., HeywoodR., AllenD. G., SortwellR. J. and WaltonR. M. (1979). Treatment of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with intrauterine devices loaded with levonorgestrel.Contraception,20, 177–184

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. KrausF. T. (1967).Gynecologic Pathology, C. V. Mosby, St. Louis, Mo., p. 149

    Google Scholar 

  66. DaunterB. (1983). Biochemical and functional-structural aspects of the human cervical mucus.Scanning Electron Microscopy/1983/II, IITRI, Chicago, pp. 171–176

    Google Scholar 

  67. GouldK. G. and AnsariA. H. (1983). Chemical alteration of cervical mucus by electrolytes.Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol,145, 92–99

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. ChretienF. C., CohenJ. and PsychoyosA. (1974). A scanning electron microscope study of changes in baboon cervical mucus during the menstrual cycle.J. Reprod. Fertil,40, 447–449

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. KambojV. P., SinghS., KhannaN. M. and KuttyD. (1979). Alterations in rheology of cervical mucus — A new approach to contraception.Indian J. Exp. Biol.,17, 1379–1380

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. AnsariA. H. (1979). Tests for immunologic infertility.Collected Letters of the International Correspondence Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists,20, 60

    Google Scholar 

  71. GrahamS. and FraserI. S. (1982). The progestogen-only mini-pill.Contraception,26, 373–388

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. AnsariA. H., GouldK. G. and AnsariV. M. (1980). Sodium bicarbonate douching for improvement of the postcoital test.Fertil. Steril.,33, 608–612

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. ErnyR. and SiboniC. (1983). Les tampons au chlorure de benzalkonium. Tolerance locase et effets sur la glaire cervicale.J. Gynecol. Obstet. Biol. Reprod.,12, 767–774

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgia Baptist Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    A. H. Ansari

  2. Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    K. G. Gould

Authors
  1. A. H. Ansari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. K. G. Gould
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ansari, A.H., Gould, K.G. Contraception and the cervix. Adv Contracept 2, 101–115 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01849219

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01849219

Search

Navigation