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A comparative trial of low dose cefaclor and macrocrystalline nitrofurantoin in the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection

Studie zum Vergleich Cefaclor in niedriger Dosierung und makrokristallinem Nitrofurantoin zur Prävention rezidivierender Harnwegsinfektionen

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Summary

One hundred and twenty women, aged between 18 and 90 years, with a history of at least four episodes of symptomatic urinary tract infection in the preceding 12 months, were randomized in an open, prospective study to prophylactic treatment with cefaclor 250 mg at bedtime or macrocrystalline nitrofurantoin 50 mg at bedtime for 12 months. Ninety-seven (49 taking cefaclor, 48 taking macrocrystalline nitrofurantoin) were assessed for efficacy; 80% of these were symptomatically improved and remained abacteriuric during the period of prophylaxis. Symptomatic attacks while patients were taking prophylaxis occurred at least five times less often than before prophylaxis had started. Seventy percent of the patients continued in an improved condition after having stopped prophylaxis. All 120 patients were assessed for adverse events; these were twice as frequent in patients taking macrocrystalline nitrofurantoin (20% vs. 10%), but only 11 patients (three taking cefaclor, eight taking macrocrystalline nitrofurantoin) withdrew from the study. Due to the small numbers of patients experiencing adverse events, these differences are not statistically significant. No significant changes in haematological or biochemical parameters were found during or after the end of the 12-month course. The 22 patients assessable for efficacy who had a non-obstructive radiological abnormality responded as well to prophylaxis as those with no detectable abnormality. Long-term, low-dose prophylaxis with a suitable antimicrobial agent is highly effective management for patients with recurrent urinary tract infections, and can appropriately be provided by the family doctor. Prophylaxis given for 1 year gives better results than when given for 6 months.

Zusammenfassung

120 Frauen mit mindestens vier Episoden einer symptomatischen Harnwegsinfektion in den vergangenen 12 Monaten wurden in einer offenen, prospektiven Studie für eine 12-monatige Prophylaxe mit 250 mg Cefaclornocte oder 50 mg makrokristallinem Nitrofurantoinnocte randomisiert. Für die Auswertung standen 97 Frauen (49 nahmen Cefaclor und 48 makrokristallines Nitrofurantoin) zur Verfügung. 80% waren symptomatisch gebessert oder blieben für die Zeit der Prophylaxe ohne Rezidive. Symptomatische Schübe traten während der Prophylaxe mindestens 5mal seltener auf als vor Beginn der Prophylaxe. 70% der Patientinnen waren nach Absetzen der Prophylaxe noch in gebessertem Zustand. Alle 120 Frauen wurden hinsichtlich Nebenwirkungen beurteilt. Bei Frauen, die makrokristallines Nitrofurantoin einnahmen, waren Nebenwirkungen zweimal so häufig (20% gegenüber 10%); aus der Studie schieden aber nur 11 Frauen aus, 3 unter Cefaclor und 8 unter makrokristallinem Nitrofurantoin. Diese Unterschiede sind wegen der kleinen Zahlen von Frauen mit Nebenwirkungen nicht statistisch signifikant. In den hämatologischen oder biochemischen Parametern fanden sich während oder nach dem Ende der 12-monatigen Prophylaxephase keine Veränderungen. Die 22 Frauen, die nicht-obstruktive röntgenologische Veränderungen aufwiesen und für Wirksamkeit auswertbar waren, hatten auf die Prophylaxe ebenso gut angesprochen wie Frauen ohne erkennbare anatomische Abweichung. Eine Langzeitprophylaxe mit einem geeigneten Antibiotikum in niedriger Dosierung ist eine hochwirksame Maßnahme für Patienten mit rezidivierenden Harnwegsinfektionen und kann durch den Hausarzt adäquat verordnet werden.

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Brumfitt, W., Hamilton-Miller, J.M.T. A comparative trial of low dose cefaclor and macrocrystalline nitrofurantoin in the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection. Infection 23, 98–102 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01833874

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