Single fluorescence centers on the tips of crystal needles: First observation and prospects for application in scanning one-atom fluorescence microscopy

Abstract

A scanning optical fluorescence microscope is suggested, whose active element (“needle”) is made of a crystal containing impurity ions or color centers subject to excitation by laser radiation. The excitation energy from a single impurity center at the very tip of the needle is transferred by the resonance dipole-dipole exchange mechanism to fluorescence centers on the surface of the sample under study. It is demonstrated that this approach can help attain a nanometer-high spatial resolution at a high sensitivity substantially exceeding in some cases the sensitivity of the “standard” near-field fluorescence microscopy technique. Various crystals and impurity centers, potentially most suitable for the implementation of the method under consideration, are briefly analyzed. Information is presented on the manufacture of sharp-pointed needles from LiF crystals containing F₂-centers and the first observation of single F₂-centers on their tips by the laser-photoelectron projection microscopy technique, which allows one to speak of the practical creation of the first active elements for the microscope suggested.