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Eoalpine and mesoalpine tectonics in the Southern Alps

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Zusammenfassung

Die eo- und mesoalpidische Tektonik in den Südalpen ist strukturell und stratigraphisch erkennbar und von den bekannteren neoalpidischen Bewegungsbildern deutlich zu unterscheiden.

Die eoalpidische Phase (Obere Kreide) entspricht einer N-S Kompression, die sich in den zentralen bis westlichen Südalpen bemerkbar macht. Im westlichen Bereich treten Überschiebungen auf, das Judikarische Gebiet wird hingegen durch die von linkslateralen Transpressionen bewirkten Verwerfungsbündel gekennzeichnet, die auch die altersgleichen Flysch-Ablagerungen kontrollieren. Diese tektonische Phase ist bis zum Eozän aktiv.

Die mesoalpidische Phase (Eozän) ist auf eine ENE-WSW Kompression zurückzuführen. Sie verursachte in den östlichen Südalpen N-S bis NW-SE gerichtete Überschiebungsbilder. In gleichorientierten vorozeanischen Becken kommt der eozäne Flysch vor. Dieses Deformationsbild kennzeichnet schon in der Oberen Kreide die Dinariden-Front.

Die neoalpidische Tektonik vererbte die eo-mesoalpidischen Gefüge-Elemente und verursachte im wesentlichen den gegenwärtig erkennbaren Gefügeplan der Südalpen.

Abstract

According to structural and stratigraphic data, eoalpine and mesoalpine tectonics can be clearly recognized in the Southern Alps and distinguished from the better known neoalpine deformation.

The eoalpine phase (Late Cretaceous) was generated by N-S compression. It deformed basically the central-western Southern Alps producing overthrusts to the west and flower structures by sinistral transpression in the Giudicarie Belt. Deposition of the coeval flysch successions was controlled by the trend of this belt. This tectonic pattern persisted until Middle Eocene.

The mesoalpine phase (Eocene) was generated mainly by a ENE-WSW compression and produced thrust geometries with N-S or NW-SE direction in the eastern part of the Southern Alps. The coeval Eocene Flysch also followed this trend, filling the foredeep basin. This deformation is considered to be the front of the Dinarids, which began to be deformed since Late Cretaceous until at least Early Oligocene.

The neoalpine tectonics inherited the eoalpine and mesoalpine structures and produced the major part of the deformation accounting for the present structural framework of the Southern Alps.

Résumé

Dans les Alpes Méridionales, des données stratigraphiques et structurales permettent de reconnaître les tectoniques éoalpine et mésoalpine et de les distinguer des déformations néoalpines, mieux connues.

La phase éoalpine (Crétacé supérieur) a été engendrée par une compression N-S. Celle-ci a affecté surtout la partie centre-occidentale des Alpes Méridionales en produisant des charriages à l'ouest et des structures de décrochement sénestres dans la chaîne des Giudicarie, dont l'orientation a déterminé la sédimentation du flysch concommittant. Cette tectonique s'est poursuivie jusqu' à l'Eocène.

La phase mésoalpine a été engendrée surtout par une compression ENE-WSW; elle a produit, dans la partie est des Alpes Méridionales, des charriages de direction N-S à NW-SE. Le flysch éocène a suivi cet alignement structural, en remplissant le bassin de l'avant-fosse. Cette déformation est considérée comme le front des Dinarides, dont la formation a commencé dés le Crétacé supérieur.

La tectonique néoalpine a hérité des structures éoalpines et mésoalpines et est responsable de la plus grande part de la structure actuelle des Alpes Méridionales.

Краткое содержание

Эо-и мезоальпийские т ектонические единиц ы Южных Альп явно отличаются, как в структурном, так и в стратиграфическом отношении от совреме нных неоальпийских струк турных единиц. Во время эоальпийско й фазы (верхний мел) в ц ентральной и западной части Южны х Альп протекало сдавление с севера на юг. При этом, в западной части образовались надвиг и, а в юдикарском регио не — сбросы в результате боковых славлений, что привел о к образованию асимме тричных складок и фли ша того же возраста. Эти т ектонические процес сы продолжались вплоть до эоцена.

В мезоальпийской фаз е (эоцен) происходило с жатие в направлениях с ENE до WSW; э то вызвало в восточны х Южных Альпах образов ание надвигоб, простирающихся с N — S до NW — SE напрабвлениях. В до-океанских бассей нах той же ориентации появляется флиш эоце нового возраста. Начи ная с верхнего мела появля ются деформационные структурные единицы в лобовой час ти Динарид. Тектонические проце ссы, протекавшие в нео альпийское время, унаследовали о писанные выше эо-и мезоальпийские стру ктурные единицы и пре образовали их до наблюдаемого се годня строения Южных Альп.

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  1. Carlo Doglioni & Alfonso Bosellini

    Present address: Istituto di Geologia, Corso E. I d'Este, 32-44100, Ferrara, Italy

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    Doglioni, C., Bosellini, A. Eoalpine and mesoalpine tectonics in the Southern Alps. Geol Rundsch 76, 735–754 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01821061

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