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The upper Palaeozoic pebbly mudstone facies of peninsular Thailand and western Malaysia — Continental margin deposits of Palaeoeurasia

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Zusammenfassung

Die devonische bis unterpermische Phuket Group in Thailand und deren Äquivalent in Malaysia, die Singha Formation, gehören zum SE-asiatischen »pebbly mudstone Gürtel«, welcher sich vom südlichen Tibet bis Sumatra erstreckt. Diese ca. 3000 m mächtigen klastischen Serien wurden vonMitchell et al. (1970) als Kontinentalhang Deposita gedeutet. In neueren Veröffentlichungen wird eine glaziomarine Entstehung dieser Serien vorgeschlagen (Bunopas et al. 1978;Stauffer 1983). Diese Autoren sind der Ansicht, daß Teile SE-Asiens (Shan-Thai Kraton) sich im unteren Karbon von Gondwana losgelöst und nach einer Rotation um 180 Grad in der oberen Trias mit Eurasien kollidiert haben. Die pebbly mudstones werden dabei als Zeugen der Gondwana Vergletscherung (Karbon/Perm) und Beweis für diese Theorie angeführt.

Die vorliegende Arbeit diskutiert die sedimentologischen Argumente für und wider eine glaziomarine Entstehung dieser Sedimentserien. Es wird gezeigt, daß diese Mixtite Kontinentalhangablagerungen sind, die am Nordrand der Tethys bzw. am südlichen Kontinentalhang von Euroasien (Shan-Thai Kraton) sedimentiert wurden.

Abstract

The Phuket Group in Peninsular Thailand and the Singha Formation in NW Malaysia are of Devonian to Lower Permian age. These approximately 3000 m thick strata, which are part of the »SE-Asian pebbly mudstone belt« stretching from Southern Tibet to Sumatra, have been interpreted as continental margin deposits (Mitchell et al. 1970). In contrast, recent papers (Bunopas et al. 1978,Stauffer 1983) propose a glaciomarine origin. These authors follow the scenario that parts of mainland SE Asia (Shan-Thai Craton) rifted away from Gondwana during the Lower Carboniferous and collided with Eurasia during the Late Triassic after crossing the Tethys Ocean under clockwise rotation of more than 180 degrees. In this paper the arguments of these authors will be discussed and a sedimentological description will be given which shows that the pebbly mudstones are not glaciomarine sediments, but rather of continental margin origin. The investigations on Phuket and Langkawi Islands, when compared with newest results from Central and North Thailand, clearly show that the »Shan-Thai Craton« was a part of, or closely connected with Palaeoeurasia (Indosinia) during Carboniferous and Permian times (comp.Helmcke 1985). The pebbly mudstones were deposited on the southern continental margin of this continent (northern margin of Tethys).

Résumé

Le »Phuket Group« en Thailande et son équivalent, la Formation »Singha«, en Malaisie nord-occidentale sont d'âge dévonien à permien inférieur. Ces séries d'une puissance d'environ 3000 m, font partie de la zône d'argile à blocaux (»pebbly mudstone belt«) de l'Asie sud-orientale qui s'étend du Tibet méridional jusqu'à Sumatra. Elles ont été interprétées comme des dépôts de bordure continentale (Mitchell et al., 1970). Par contre, de récents travaux (Bunopas et al., 1978;Stauffer, 1983) proposent une origine glacio-marine. Ces auteurs pensent que certaines parties de l'Asie sud-orientale (»Shan-Thai craton«) se seraient détachées du Gondwana au cours du Carbonifère infeérieur et seraient entrées en collision avec l'Eurasie (Indosinia) au cours du Trias supérieur, après avoir traversé la Téthys en effectuant une rotation dextre de 180° Le présent article discute les arguments de ces auteurs et donne une description sédimentologique montrant que les mixtites ne sont pas de caractère glacio-marin mais proviennent vraisemblablement d'une bordure continentale.

Les observations faites aux fles de Phuket et de Lagkawi comparées avec les nouveaux résultats obtenus en Thailande centrale et septentrionale montrent clairement que le craton de Shan Thai faisait partie ou se trouvait proche de la Paléo-Eurasie lors du Carbonifère et du Permien (comp.Helmcke, 1985). Les mixtites se sont déposées sur la marge méridionale du continent Indosinia (bord septentrional de la Téthys).

Краткое содержание

Свита Phuket в Таиланде, воз раст от девона до нижн ей перми, и ее эквивалент в Малайзии формация Singha, принадлежат к юго-во сточному поясу “pebbly mudstone” Азии, простирающем уся от южного Тибета до Суматры. Эта, примерно 3000 м мощная кластическая серия, р ассматривается Митч еллом и др. (MiTCHELL et al., 1970), как материковы е отложения. В новейших опубликов аниях высказано мнен ие об их глациально-морс ком происхождении (Bunopas et al., 1978;Stauffer, 1983). Названные автор ы считают, что часть южн о-восточной Азии (крат ок Shan-Thai) оторвался в нижнем к арбоне от Гондваны и после поворота на 180° коллодировал в верхн ем триасе с Евразийской плитой. Галька мадсто нов является доказатель ством того, что Гондва на была покрыта льдом на рубе же карбон/перм и тольк о подтверждает высказ анную теорию. В настоящем опублико вании приводятся седиментологически е данные за и против так ого глациально-морск ого образования серий эт их осадочных пород. При этом доказы вается, что эти породы являются материковы ми отложениями, котор ые отлагались на северн ом крае Тетиса, или на южном материковом ск лоне евразийской пли ты (краток Shan-Thai).

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Altermann, W. The upper Palaeozoic pebbly mudstone facies of peninsular Thailand and western Malaysia — Continental margin deposits of Palaeoeurasia. Geol Rundsch 75, 371–381 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01820618

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